{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412802525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3594475","title":"A 2.5-48 Gb/s 16.6 ns Turn-On Time NRZ/PAM4 Pulse-Based Rapid-On/Off Baud-Rate CDR for Mobile Interfaces","display_name":"A 2.5-48 Gb/s 16.6 ns Turn-On Time NRZ/PAM4 Pulse-Based Rapid-On/Off Baud-Rate CDR for Mobile Interfaces","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412802525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3594475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2025.3594475","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3594475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025982643","display_name":"Jihee Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1270-8051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihee Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1270-8051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100621203","display_name":"Yunhee Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-7394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunhee Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060486927","display_name":"Hyun Seok Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4999-8513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyun-Seok Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yoona Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7545-536X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoona Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7545-536X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358407","display_name":"Sang-Hee Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-1200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134353371","display_name":"SK Group (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/03696td91","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanghee Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["SK Hynix, Icheon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-1200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SK Hynix, Icheon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061470672","display_name":"Woo\u2010Seok Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-8689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woo-Seok Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-8689","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1482879,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"9","first_page":"1193","last_page":"1197"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baud","display_name":"Baud","score":0.8787986040115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.5160557627677917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4944345951080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3479658365249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2599281668663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.05529755353927612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169606439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192027","display_name":"Baud","level":3,"score":0.8787986040115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.5160557627677917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4944345951080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3479658365249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2599281668663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.05529755353927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2025.3594475","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3594475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6483829588","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00409692","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999903189","https://openalex.org/W2014617636","https://openalex.org/W2080253340","https://openalex.org/W2115330819","https://openalex.org/W2173741065","https://openalex.org/W2288685596","https://openalex.org/W2792678133","https://openalex.org/W2793023125","https://openalex.org/W3012352794","https://openalex.org/W3048447282","https://openalex.org/W4312413844","https://openalex.org/W4319663655","https://openalex.org/W4380607090","https://openalex.org/W4407128846"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2376591250","https://openalex.org/W2378972148","https://openalex.org/W2935759653","https://openalex.org/W2373775907","https://openalex.org/W3105167352","https://openalex.org/W2357620477","https://openalex.org/W54078636"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,36],"brief":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,115],"NRZ/PAM4":[4],"rapid-on/off":[5],"baud-rate":[6,74],"clock":[7,31],"and":[8,39,109],"data":[9,99,140],"recovery":[10,32],"(CDR)":[11],"for":[12,42],"mobile":[13,111],"interfaces,":[14],"featuring":[15],"power-efficient":[16],"bandwidth":[17],"scaling.":[18],"To":[19],"minimize":[20],"power":[21],"overhead":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,82,103],"large":[25],"turn-on":[26,56,128],"time,":[27],"a":[28,48,60,94,126],"pulse-based":[29],"rapid":[30],"method":[33,37],"is":[34],"proposed.":[35],"estimates":[38],"immediately":[40],"compensates":[41],"initial":[43],"phase":[44,75],"error":[45],"based":[46],"on":[47],"pre-trained":[49],"look-up":[50],"table,":[51],"significantly":[52],"reducing":[53],"the":[54,67,79,84,143,149],"CDR\u2019s":[55],"time.":[57],"In":[58],"addition,":[59],"background":[61],"PAM4":[62,144,150],"eye-climbing":[63],"algorithm":[64],"(ECA)":[65],"addresses":[66],"sub-optimal":[68],"lock":[69,80],"point":[70,81],"issue":[71],"of":[72,118,130,148],"conventional":[73],"detectors":[76],"by":[77,153],"adjusting":[78],"maximize":[83],"vertical":[85],"eye":[86,152],"margin":[87],"(VEM).":[88],"The":[89],"prototype":[90],"receiver":[91],"fabricated":[92],"in":[93],"28":[95],"nm":[96],"CMOS":[97],"supports":[98],"rates":[100],"from":[101],"2.5":[102],"48":[104,122],"Gb/s,":[105],"accommodating":[106],"both":[107],"legacy":[108],"next-generation":[110],"interfaces.":[112],"It":[113],"achieves":[114],"energy":[116,135],"efficiency":[117,136],"1.43":[119],"pJ/b":[120],"at":[121],"Gb/s":[123],"while":[124],"demonstrating":[125],"fast":[127],"time":[129],"16.6":[131],"ns,":[132],"enabling":[133],"superior":[134],"across":[137],"various":[138],"effective":[139],"rates.":[141],"Moreover,":[142],"ECA":[145],"increases":[146],"VEM":[147],"middle":[151],"18":[154],"mV,":[155],"ensuring":[156],"error-free":[157],"operation.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}