{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7139932941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2026.3676024","title":"Semi-Supervised Open-Set Through-Wall User Identification via MIMO Radar Respiratory Signals","display_name":"Semi-Supervised Open-Set Through-Wall User Identification via MIMO Radar Respiratory Signals","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7139932941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2026.3676024"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2026.3676024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2026.3676024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101946404","display_name":"Kai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8550-431X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130227363","display_name":"Chong Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Computing for Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Computing for Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067598767","display_name":"Yichen Xia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichen Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015152198","display_name":"Dan Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongsheng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130241407","display_name":"Jian Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Computing for Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Computing for Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068493872","display_name":"Lijuan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2673-9375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijuan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Computing for Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Computing for Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101946404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85760696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"6760","last_page":"6776"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.6208999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.6208999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.12729999423027039,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.04830000177025795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.38510000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.29580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7986000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.38510000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989048297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930654","display_name":"Radar detection","level":3,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50151734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759577","display_name":"Matched filter","level":3,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987759513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar signal processing","level":4,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162416716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446180","display_name":"Moving target indication","level":5,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2026.3676024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2026.3676024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,8,120,133,137],"rapid":[2],"evolution":[3],"of":[4,10,206],"6G":[5,221],"communications":[6],"and":[7,26,41,105,107,140,162,172,203,219],"Internet":[9],"Things":[11],"(IoT),":[12],"wireless":[13],"sensing\u2013based":[14],"identity":[15],"recognition":[16],"is":[17],"emerging":[18],"as":[19,136],"a":[20,57,142,174],"key":[21],"enabler":[22],"for":[23,152,200,215],"intelligent":[24],"security":[25],"smart":[27],"environments.":[28,48,223],"However,":[29],"existing":[30],"popular":[31],"mmWave":[32],"radar\u2013based":[33],"methods":[34,93],"often":[35],"suffer":[36],"from":[37],"severe":[38],"signal":[39],"attenuation":[40],"unreliable":[42],"sensing":[43,222],"performance":[44],"in":[45,217],"non-line-of-sight":[46],"(NLOS)":[47],"To":[49,114],"overcome":[50],"these":[51,116],"limitations,":[52],"this":[53],"paper":[54],"proposes":[55],"Resp-TWOSID,":[56],"through-wall":[58],"semi-supervised":[59,123],"open-set":[60,122,154,161],"respiration-based":[61],"identification":[62,92,202],"framework":[63],"leveraging":[64],"low-frequency":[65,70],"MIMO":[66],"radar.":[67],"By":[68],"utilizing":[69],"signals,":[71],"Resp-TWOSID":[72,118,192],"reliably":[73],"captures":[74],"fine-grained":[75],"respiratory":[76],"patterns":[77],"through":[78],"thick":[79],"masonry":[80],"walls":[81],"up":[82],"to":[83,147,166,178],"26":[84],"cm,":[85],"enabling":[86],"robust":[87],"user":[88],"identification.":[89],"Additionally,":[90],"conventional":[91],"typically":[94],"rely":[95],"on":[96],"fully":[97],"supervised":[98],"learning,":[99],"which":[100],"demands":[101],"extensive":[102],"data":[103,170],"collection":[104],"labeling,":[106],"cannot":[108],"recognize":[109],"unknown":[110,134,150,207],"users":[111],"during":[112],"deployment.":[113],"address":[115],"challenges,":[117],"introduces":[119,173],"dynamic":[121,143],"learning":[124,155,165],"with":[125],"self-supervised":[126,175],"consistency":[127,164],"(DOS3L-SSC)":[128],"algorithm.":[129],"DOS3L-SSC":[130],"explicitly":[131],"models":[132],"category":[135],"(C+1)-th":[138],"class":[139],"employs":[141],"first-in-first-out":[144],"(FIFO)":[145],"queue":[146],"select":[148],"reliable":[149],"samples":[151],"sustained":[153],"continually.":[156],"It":[157],"further":[158],"enforces":[159],"joint":[160],"closed-set":[163],"stabilize":[167],"predictions":[168],"under":[169],"perturbations":[171],"feature-consistency":[176],"loss":[177],"enhance":[179],"representation":[180],"robustness":[181],"while":[182],"efficiently":[183],"exploiting":[184],"hard":[185],"unlabeled":[186],"samples.":[187],"Extensive":[188],"experiments":[189],"demonstrate":[190],"that":[191],"consistently":[193],"outperforms":[194],"state-of-the-art":[195],"approaches,":[196],"achieving":[197],"superior":[198],"accuracy":[199],"known-user":[201],"high-confidence":[204],"rejection":[205],"users.":[208],"These":[209],"results":[210],"highlight":[211],"its":[212],"strong":[213],"potential":[214],"deployment":[216],"security-critical":[218],"privacy-sensitive":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2026-03-21T00:00:00"}