{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2144988314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2005.862538","title":"A Comparison of 1-D Models of Cardiac Pacemaker Heterogeneity","display_name":"A Comparison of 1-D Models of Cardiac Pacemaker Heterogeneity","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2144988314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2005.862538","mag":"2144988314","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16485745"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2005.862538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2005.862538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073408902","display_name":"Shaun L. Cloherty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7679-1764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.L. Cloherty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. s.cloherty@gsbme.unsw.edu.au","[Graduate Sch. of Biomed. Eng., Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. s.cloherty@gsbme.unsw.edu.au","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Graduate Sch. of Biomed. Eng., Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049381733","display_name":"Socrates Dokos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7399-2712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Dokos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","[Graduate Sch. of Biomed. Eng., Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Graduate Sch. of Biomed. Eng., Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060602596","display_name":"Nigel H. Lovell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1637-1079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N.H. Lovell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","[Graduate Sch. of Biomed. Eng., Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Graduate Sch. of Biomed. Eng., Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2041,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63776678,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"2","first_page":"164","last_page":"177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sinoatrial-node","display_name":"Sinoatrial node","score":0.7638484835624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrainment","display_name":"Entrainment (biomusicology)","score":0.7384747862815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrial-myocytes","display_name":"Atrial myocytes","score":0.7015551328659058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-pacemaker","display_name":"Cardiac pacemaker","score":0.6065234541893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.42359912395477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myocyte","display_name":"Myocyte","score":0.3446950316429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biophysics","display_name":"Biophysics","score":0.32659435272216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.20063933730125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.1951952576637268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.193464457988739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.19021552801132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.13153743743896484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778542873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286020","display_name":"Sinoatrial node","level":4,"score":0.7638484835624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139992725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380656","display_name":"Entrainment (biomusicology)","level":3,"score":0.7384747862815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018640507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10334846","display_name":"Atrial myocytes","level":3,"score":0.7015551328659058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778642235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3635544","display_name":"Cardiac pacemaker","level":2,"score":0.6065234541893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.42359912395477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207200792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428914","display_name":"Myocyte","level":2,"score":0.3446950316429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.32659435272216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.20063933730125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.1951952576637268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.193464457988739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.19021552801132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.13153743743896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135343436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170406","display_name":"Rhythm","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001683","descriptor_name":"Biological Clocks","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001683","descriptor_name":"Biological Clocks","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001683","descriptor_name":"Biological Clocks","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006329","descriptor_name":"Heart Conduction System","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006329","descriptor_name":"Heart Conduction System","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006329","descriptor_name":"Heart Conduction System","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008955","descriptor_name":"Models, Cardiovascular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008955","descriptor_name":"Models, Cardiovascular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008955","descriptor_name":"Models, Cardiovascular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009435","descriptor_name":"Synaptic Transmission","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009435","descriptor_name":"Synaptic Transmission","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009435","descriptor_name":"Synaptic Transmission","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012849","descriptor_name":"Sinoatrial Node","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012849","descriptor_name":"Sinoatrial Node","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012849","descriptor_name":"Sinoatrial Node","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032383","descriptor_name":"Myocytes, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032383","descriptor_name":"Myocytes, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032383","descriptor_name":"Myocytes, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2005.862538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2005.862538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16485745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16485745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90790690","https://openalex.org/W1871489909","https://openalex.org/W1968529582","https://openalex.org/W1989020667","https://openalex.org/W1993451334","https://openalex.org/W1993785510","https://openalex.org/W2007519522","https://openalex.org/W2019691024","https://openalex.org/W2024228987","https://openalex.org/W2027992700","https://openalex.org/W2044889656","https://openalex.org/W2053751445","https://openalex.org/W2067669648","https://openalex.org/W2077915166","https://openalex.org/W2078142754","https://openalex.org/W2099767007","https://openalex.org/W2101501763","https://openalex.org/W2114119256","https://openalex.org/W2115402966","https://openalex.org/W2144229301","https://openalex.org/W2146661808","https://openalex.org/W2152734501","https://openalex.org/W2155018227","https://openalex.org/W2616412069"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963099771","https://openalex.org/W1991051841","https://openalex.org/W2368598009","https://openalex.org/W2067521072","https://openalex.org/W2791279226","https://openalex.org/W2441966140","https://openalex.org/W4299464480","https://openalex.org/W2118312933","https://openalex.org/W4313527256","https://openalex.org/W2161980135"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,47,185],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,25,32,83,96,101,106,120,137,140,143,160,171,188,195,203],"role":[6],"of":[7,17,24,29,39,52,55,78,82,95,100,108,123,142,152,170,178,191,197,207],"sinoatrial":[8],"node":[9],"(SAN)":[10],"cellular":[11],"heterogeneity":[12,57],"in":[13,42,105,126,133,159,194],"two":[14],"key":[15],"aspects":[16],"normal":[18],"cardiac":[19],"pacemaker":[20],"function:":[21],"frequency":[22,93,168],"entrainment":[23,94,169],"SAN,":[26,144],"and":[27,44,64,75,98,111,149],"propagation":[28],"excitation":[30],"into":[31,71],"atrial":[33,45,103],"tissue.":[34],"Using":[35],"detailed":[36],"ionic":[37],"models":[38,54,77,85,177],"electrical":[40],"activity":[41],"SAN":[43,56,66,79,97,124,172,179,192,208],"myocytes,":[46],"have":[48],"formulated":[49],"a":[50,130,150,198],"number":[51],"one-dimensional":[53],"based":[58],"on":[59,88,182],"discrete-region":[60],"(in":[61],"which":[62,127],"central":[63],"peripheral":[65],"type":[67],"cell":[68],"are":[69],"separated":[70],"discrete":[72],"regions),":[73],"gradient":[74,121,164,189],"mosaic":[76],"organization.":[80,209],"Each":[81],"different":[84],"were":[86],"assessed":[87],"their":[89],"ability":[90],"to":[91,139],"achieve":[92],"activation":[99,154],"adjoining":[102],"tissue":[104],"presence":[107,196],"both":[109],"uniform":[110,199],"linearly":[112],"increasing":[113],"conductivity":[114,200],"profiles.":[115],"Simulation":[116],"results":[117],"suggest":[118],"that":[119,187],"model":[122,165,190,206],"heterogeneity,":[125,193],"cells":[128],"display":[129],"smooth":[131],"variation":[132],"membrane":[134],"properties":[135],"from":[136],"center":[138],"periphery":[141],"produces":[145],"action":[146],"potential":[147],"waveshapes":[148],"site":[151],"earliest":[153],"consistent":[155],"with":[156],"experimental":[157],"observations":[158],"intact":[161],"SAN.":[162],"The":[163],"also":[166],"achieves":[167],"more":[173],"easily":[174],"than":[175],"other":[176],"heterogeneity.":[180],"Based":[181],"these":[183],"results,":[184],"conclude":[186],"profile,":[201],"is":[202],"most":[204],"likely":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}