{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2144425309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2003.1250213","title":"Experiments in automatic programming for general purposes","display_name":"Experiments in automatic programming for general purposes","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2144425309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2003.1250213","mag":"2144425309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tai.2003.1250213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2003.1250213","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 15th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024453737","display_name":"Marek Reformat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4783-0717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Reformat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Technology, Engineering and Measurement research center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, AB, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Alberta, Alta., Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Technology, Engineering and Measurement research center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Alberta, Alta., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096840959","display_name":"Chai Xinwei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chai Xinwei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Technology, Engineering and Measurement research center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, AB, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Alberta, Alta., Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Technology, Engineering and Measurement research center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Alberta, Alta., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030495591","display_name":"James Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-3000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Technology, Engineering and Measurement research center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, AB, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Alberta, Alta., Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Technology, Engineering and Measurement research center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Alberta, Alta., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024453737"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1306208,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"366","last_page":"373"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11663","display_name":"Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.7709313035011292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7628402709960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.6618835926055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.6592470407485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clone","display_name":"clone (Java method)","score":0.6466400027275085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5802019834518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5401259064674377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5325455069541931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5203980207443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5062114596366882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-programming","display_name":"Automatic programming","score":0.4966786503791809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.4376477003097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4301852285861969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-based-software-engineering","display_name":"Search-based software engineering","score":0.41970252990722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.4054708182811737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3412625789642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.33149880170822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.15019428730010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.07939291000366211}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.7709313035011292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7628402709960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.6618835926055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.6592470407485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81089528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5134986","display_name":"clone (Java method)","level":3,"score":0.6466400027275085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5802019834518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5401259064674377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5325455069541931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5203980207443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5062114596366882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762268","display_name":"Automatic programming","level":2,"score":0.4966786503791809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.4376477003097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4301852285861969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139143892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7441615","display_name":"Search-based software engineering","level":5,"score":0.41970252990722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.4054708182811737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3412625789642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.33149880170822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.15019428730010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.07939291000366211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tai.2003.1250213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2003.1250213","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 15th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1528771887","https://openalex.org/W1535865934","https://openalex.org/W1552798612","https://openalex.org/W1659842140","https://openalex.org/W1978970913","https://openalex.org/W2027649639","https://openalex.org/W2128705399","https://openalex.org/W2152150600","https://openalex.org/W2156300645","https://openalex.org/W2284330674","https://openalex.org/W2296218809","https://openalex.org/W2904250082","https://openalex.org/W3023540311"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2559572301","https://openalex.org/W3173949332","https://openalex.org/W2972926655","https://openalex.org/W4313462339","https://openalex.org/W2062702691","https://openalex.org/W2905303940","https://openalex.org/W2157966686","https://openalex.org/W2188142127","https://openalex.org/W2098356819","https://openalex.org/W2050464443"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"the":[1,66,74,113,153],"generation":[2,63,177],"and":[3,81,100,143,166],"application":[4,67],"of":[5,68,76,85,107,115,129,137,164,172,178],"software":[6,28,33,39],"clones":[7,34,45],"is":[8,12,16,65,97],"relatively":[9],"unexplored,":[10],"it":[11],"believed":[13],"that":[14,20,117,168],"this":[15,59],"a":[17,27,83,98,162],"fundamental":[18],"technology":[19],"can":[21,90,149],"have":[22,118,157],"many":[23],"different":[24,108],"applications":[25],"within":[26],"engineering":[29],"environment.":[30],"For":[31],"example,":[32],"could":[35],"be":[36,47,53,91,150],"used":[37,159],"in":[38,121],"fault":[40],"tolerance.":[41],"Clearly,":[42],"for":[43,104,132,152],"these":[44],"to":[46,52,58,123,127,160,175],"usable,":[48],"their":[49],"production":[50,61],"needs":[51],"automated.":[54],"An":[55],"interesting":[56],"approach":[57,174],"automatic":[60,176],"or":[62],"problem":[64],"evolutionary-based":[69],"genetic":[70],"programming":[71],"(GP).":[72],"Using":[73],"paradigms":[75],"best":[77],"fit,":[78],"selection,":[79],"crossover":[80],"mutation":[82],"number":[84],"clones,":[86],"satisfying":[87],"specific":[88],"requirements,":[89],"automatically":[92],"generated.":[93],"In":[94],"general,":[95],"GP":[96,131,138,148],"flexible":[99],"powerful":[101],"algorithm":[102],"suitable":[103],"solving":[105],"variety":[106],"problems.":[109],"The":[110,155],"paper":[111],"presents":[112],"results":[114,156],"studies":[116],"been":[119,158],"conducted":[120],"order":[122],"answer":[124],"questions":[125],"related":[126],"feasibility":[128],"using":[130],"clone":[133],"generation:":[134],"what":[135,144],"features":[136],"are":[139],"important?":[140],"What":[141],"works":[142],"does":[145],"not?":[146],"How":[147],"\"tuned\"":[151],"problem?":[154],"draw":[161],"set":[163],"suggestions":[165],"conclusions":[167],"indicate":[169],"possible":[170],"usability":[171],"GP-based":[173],"clones.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
