{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2741849915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sysose.2017.7994975","title":"Emergence as innovation in systems of systems \u2014 A three systems model","display_name":"Emergence as innovation in systems of systems \u2014 A three systems model","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2741849915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sysose.2017.7994975","mag":"2741849915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sysose.2017.7994975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sysose.2017.7994975","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 12th System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023936260","display_name":"Tom McDermott","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tom McDermott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031660061","display_name":"Molly Nadolski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Molly Nadolski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023936260"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4078,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62776562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2017","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14306","display_name":"Technology Assessment and Management","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-of-systems","display_name":"System of systems","score":0.7110266089439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.690490186214447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5949486494064331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-adaptive-system","display_name":"Complex adaptive system","score":0.5764045715332031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5489530563354492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5020368099212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-system","display_name":"Complex system","score":0.44699913263320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4168550670146942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.38574767112731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.38492706418037415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-design","display_name":"Systems design","score":0.38360702991485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.3731224536895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.36010265350341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.33880144357681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22362416982650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15535658597946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.13079315423965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.1298714280128479}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87912763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663737","display_name":"System of systems","level":3,"score":0.7110266089439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.690490186214447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5949486494064331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63108463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581233","display_name":"Complex adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.5764045715332031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5489530563354492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5020368099212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.44699913263320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4168550670146942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.38574767112731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.38492706418037415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.38360702991485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3731224536895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.36010265350341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.33880144357681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22362416982650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15535658597946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.13079315423965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.1298714280128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sysose.2017.7994975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sysose.2017.7994975","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 12th System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:3205424352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=201702257386168361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512817","display_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306149","display_name":"Rockefeller Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfkwk85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309303","display_name":"Research Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W237640129","https://openalex.org/W649752503","https://openalex.org/W1538468463","https://openalex.org/W1963611186","https://openalex.org/W1980228813","https://openalex.org/W2058107586","https://openalex.org/W2089520845","https://openalex.org/W2091300721","https://openalex.org/W2095561982","https://openalex.org/W2099330597","https://openalex.org/W2100403601","https://openalex.org/W2113657762","https://openalex.org/W2123288296","https://openalex.org/W2126498825","https://openalex.org/W2129492446","https://openalex.org/W2154302927","https://openalex.org/W2155216551","https://openalex.org/W2518259831","https://openalex.org/W3106256478","https://openalex.org/W4230403241","https://openalex.org/W6632281938","https://openalex.org/W6679186331"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2818499439","https://openalex.org/W2412567610","https://openalex.org/W1661299522","https://openalex.org/W2053373266","https://openalex.org/W4254551825","https://openalex.org/W2950555512","https://openalex.org/W4247135733","https://openalex.org/W2346762449","https://openalex.org/W2805215803","https://openalex.org/W2884713216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"emergence":[1,111,159],"tends":[2],"to":[3,50,91,105,156],"be":[4,17,138],"discussed":[5,153],"as":[6,19,112],"an":[7,30,102],"outcome":[8],"of":[9,12,27,36,41,45,65,70,96,101,109,124,145,160,162,169],"a":[10,20,88,122,173],"system":[11,69],"systems":[13],"(SoS),":[14],"it":[15],"should":[16],"viewed":[18],"process.":[21],"Emergence":[22],"is":[23,54,87],"often":[24],"the":[25,37,43,46,63,68,72,76,93,99,107,157,167],"result":[26],"innovation":[28,49,73,97,118],"within":[29],"SoS.":[31,176],"We":[32,120],"contend":[33],"that,":[34],"because":[35],"complex":[38,174],"adaptive":[39,175],"nature":[40],"SoS,":[42,103],"assessment":[44],"potential":[47,61,94,158],"for":[48,56,140],"create":[51],"positive":[52],"change":[53],"necessary":[55],"effective":[57],"evolutionary":[58],"planning.":[59],"Innovation":[60],"represents":[62],"convergence":[64],"three":[66],"systems:":[67],"interest,":[71],"system,":[74],"and":[75,81,104,126,133,143,150],"context":[77,108,168],"where":[78],"these":[79],"interact":[80],"come":[82],"together.":[83],"The":[84,148],"three-system":[85],"model":[86],"useful":[89],"perspective":[90],"assess":[92],"impact":[95],"on":[98],"evolution":[100],"describe":[106,121],"SoS":[110,131,146],"enabled":[113],"or":[114],"constrained":[115],"by":[116],"its":[117],"system.":[119],"set":[123],"methods":[125,149],"tools":[127,151],"adapted":[128],"from":[129],"both":[130],"engineering":[132],"human-centered":[134],"design":[135,142],"which":[136],"can":[137],"used":[139],"strategic":[141],"planning":[144],"evolution.":[147],"are":[152],"with":[154],"respect":[155],"Internet":[161],"Things":[163],"(IoT)":[164],"technologies":[165],"into":[166],"urban":[170],"transportation":[171],"systems,":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
