{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3165111442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssd52085.2021.9429305","title":"Imperceptibility Analysis for Watermarking Technique Based on Image Block Division Scheme","display_name":"Imperceptibility Analysis for Watermarking Technique Based on Image Block Division Scheme","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3165111442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssd52085.2021.9429305","mag":"3165111442"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssd52085.2021.9429305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssd52085.2021.9429305","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 18th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112709442","display_name":"Maryam Jasim Abdullad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4164984","display_name":"International Islamic University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/03s9hs139","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Jasim Abdullad","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Islamic University Malaysia,Department of Computer Science,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Islamic University Malaysia,Department of Computer Science,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061216078","display_name":"Amelia Ritahani Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7126-4287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4164984","display_name":"International Islamic University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/03s9hs139","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amelia Ritahani Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Islamic University Malaysia,Department of Computer Science,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Islamic University Malaysia,Department of Computer Science,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108108819","display_name":"Adamu Abubakar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4164984","display_name":"International Islamic University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/03s9hs139","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adamu Abubakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Islamic University Malaysia,Department of Computer Science,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Islamic University Malaysia,Department of Computer Science,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112709442"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1942,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47550255,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"445","last_page":"450"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.8816412687301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.8717172741889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.693316638469696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.6514538526535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/division","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","score":0.6188256144523621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.550167441368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5472958087921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.5125472545623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.4549732208251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43701502680778503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3937608301639557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3931886553764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3018192648887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.10694298148155212}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.8816412687301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.8717172741889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.693316638469696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154579607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3373850","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","level":3,"score":0.6514538526535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60798267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1226939","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6188256144523621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.550167441368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5472958087921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.5125472545623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.4549732208251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43701502680778503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3937608301639557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3931886553764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3018192648887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.10694298148155212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssd52085.2021.9429305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssd52085.2021.9429305","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 18th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:93862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://irep.iium.edu.my/93862/1/93862_Imperceptibility%20Analysis%20for%20Watermarking%20Technique.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400713","display_name":"The International Islamic University Malaysia Repository (The International Islamic University Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4164984","host_organization_name":"International Islamic University Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082540450","https://openalex.org/W2108823365","https://openalex.org/W2288287109","https://openalex.org/W2306037205","https://openalex.org/W2324230018","https://openalex.org/W2333629918","https://openalex.org/W2336568179","https://openalex.org/W2526949273","https://openalex.org/W2529468940","https://openalex.org/W2788611701","https://openalex.org/W2793087378","https://openalex.org/W2799669731","https://openalex.org/W2808885241","https://openalex.org/W2902051727","https://openalex.org/W2962470936","https://openalex.org/W2967341459","https://openalex.org/W3005332340","https://openalex.org/W4301332291","https://openalex.org/W6695968653","https://openalex.org/W6741568739","https://openalex.org/W6748367737","https://openalex.org/W6749241982"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2080353903","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"watermarking":[1,16,42,165],"techniques":[2,17],"proposed":[3],"different":[4,41,115,156],"algorithm":[5,43],"schemes":[6,62,88],"to":[7,20,24,30,54,67,143],"improve":[8],"performance":[9,29,58,71,105],"quality.":[10,33],"For":[11],"a":[12],"medical":[13,117,158],"image,":[14],"the":[15,26,56,64,69,77,96,113,138,154,164],"are":[18],"required":[19],"give":[21],"significant":[22],"attention":[23],"achieve":[25,174],"highest":[27],"imperceptibility":[28,57,70,104],"remain":[31],"visual":[32],"That":[34],"is":[35,119,141,151],"why":[36],"this":[37],"paper":[38],"analyzes":[39],"two":[40],"schemes:":[44],"image":[45,50,97,123,168],"block":[46,51,98,124,169],"division":[47,52,99,125,170],"88":[48,100],"and":[49,81,132,146],"22":[53,126,171],"determine":[55],"for":[59,112,153],"each.":[60],"Both":[61],"used":[63],"fitness":[65],"evaluation":[66],"evaluate":[68],"of":[72,86],"each":[73],"embedding":[74,79,130,139],"location.":[75],"Thereafter,":[76],"imperceptibility,":[78],"capacity,":[80],"watermark":[82,133,147],"data":[83,134,148],"bit":[84,135,145,149],"error":[85,136,150],"both":[87],"were":[89],"measured.":[90],"The":[91,122],"experiment":[92],"results":[93],"show":[94],"that":[95,163],"scheme":[101,127,172],"outperformed":[102,128],"in":[103,129],"under":[106],"Peak":[107],"Signal-to-Noise":[108],"Ratio":[109],"(PSNR)":[110],"values":[111],"three":[114,155],"watermarked":[116,157],"images":[118],"106.1014":[120],"to110.5222.":[121],"capacity":[131,140],"where":[137],"1449":[142],"31953":[144],"zero":[152],"images.":[159],"This":[160],"finding":[161],"indicates":[162],"technique":[166],"with":[167],"can":[173],"more":[175],"accurate":[176],"performance.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}