{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2152577207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spdp.1996.570316","title":"Almost two-state self-stabilizing algorithm for token rings","display_name":"Almost two-state self-stabilizing algorithm for token rings","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2152577207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spdp.1996.570316","mag":"2152577207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/spdp.1996.570316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spdp.1996.570316","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of SPDP '96: 8th IEEE Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090657217","display_name":"G. Alari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. Alari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit\u00e8 dE28099Informatique, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit\u00e8 dE28099Informatique, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102018009","display_name":"Asoke Kumar Datta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7161-8444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133999245","display_name":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","ror":"https://ror.org/0406gha72","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.K. Datta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090657217"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24734485,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"52","last_page":"59"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.9492999911308289,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/token-ring","display_name":"Token ring","score":0.8155238032341003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.7422887086868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suzuki-kasami-algorithm","display_name":"Suzuki-Kasami algorithm","score":0.73578941822052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.6796759366989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.6249140501022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.6116492748260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","score":0.5939977765083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5925371646881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-stabilization","display_name":"Self-stabilization","score":0.5876805782318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5608744621276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5602453947067261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.5593777298927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5440399646759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/token-passing","display_name":"Token passing","score":0.4805589020252228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.4501681923866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-algorithm","display_name":"Distributed algorithm","score":0.37049007415771484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28159138560295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.23163661360740662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12166312336921692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36653544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207971","display_name":"Token ring","level":3,"score":0.8155238032341003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.7422887086868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18664526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7651187","display_name":"Suzuki-Kasami algorithm","level":3,"score":0.73578941822052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.6796759366989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.6249140501022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6116492748260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5939977765083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5925371646881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71112949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873036","display_name":"Self-stabilization","level":3,"score":0.5876805782318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5608744621276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5602453947067261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5593777298927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5440399646759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115067241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639854","display_name":"Token passing","level":3,"score":0.4805589020252228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.4501681923866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130120984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835898","display_name":"Distributed algorithm","level":2,"score":0.37049007415771484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28159138560295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.23163661360740662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12166312336921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/spdp.1996.570316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spdp.1996.570316","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of SPDP '96: 8th IEEE Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28005281","https://openalex.org/W1578885347","https://openalex.org/W1970096085","https://openalex.org/W1992996044","https://openalex.org/W2000742545","https://openalex.org/W2016115902","https://openalex.org/W2017670690","https://openalex.org/W2055164757","https://openalex.org/W2057856239","https://openalex.org/W2065424053","https://openalex.org/W2074386378","https://openalex.org/W2091403433","https://openalex.org/W2111132249","https://openalex.org/W2114345887","https://openalex.org/W2135985056","https://openalex.org/W2163350150","https://openalex.org/W2294012738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W126751236","https://openalex.org/W2123681693","https://openalex.org/W2769393170","https://openalex.org/W1667093151","https://openalex.org/W2008823027","https://openalex.org/W4254657326","https://openalex.org/W2584660690","https://openalex.org/W2362573784","https://openalex.org/W2052232421","https://openalex.org/W2057856239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"self-stabilizing":[1,38,111],"distributed":[2],"system":[3],"is":[4,88,123,153],"a":[5,22,37],"network":[6],"of":[7,11,25,36,48,79,82,99,148,156],"processors,":[8],"which,":[9],"regardless":[10],"its":[12],"initial":[13],"global":[14],"state,":[15],"will":[16],"achieve":[17],"the":[18,34,40,58,73,77,80,92,131,140,154,159,161],"desired":[19],"state":[20],"in":[21,33,69,130,158,164],"finite":[23],"number":[24,47,155],"steps.":[26],"There":[27],"are":[28],"two":[29,84,135],"main":[30],"performance":[31],"issues":[32],"design":[35],"system:":[39],"stabilization":[41],"time":[42,94,166],"and":[43,90,121,167],"memory":[44],"requirements":[45],"(the":[46],"states":[49],"required":[50],"by":[51],"each":[52,128],"process).":[53],"We":[54],"first":[55],"show":[56],"that":[57],"probabilistic":[59],"two-state":[60,110],"algorithm":[61,101,112,126,162],"for":[62,76,113],"asynchronous,":[63],"unidirectional":[64,114],"token":[65,96,115,171],"rings":[66],"stabilizes":[67,163],"only":[68],"systems":[70],"where":[71,151],"k,":[72],"upper":[74],"bound":[75],"ratio":[78],"speeds":[81],"any":[83],"processes,":[85],"exists,":[86],"but":[87],"unknown,":[89],"neither":[91],"convergence":[93],"nor":[95],"circulation":[97,172],"delay":[98],"this":[100],"can":[102],"be":[103],"bounded.":[104],"Then":[105],"we":[106],"present":[107],"an":[108,144,169],"almost":[109],"rings.":[116],"The":[117,125],"processes":[118],"move":[119],"synchronously":[120],"k":[122],"known.":[124],"requires":[127],"process":[129],"ring":[132],"to":[133],"have":[134],"states;":[136],"one":[137],"process,":[138,142],"called":[139],"exceptional":[141],"needs":[143],"additional":[145],"integer":[146],"variable":[147],"size":[149],"O(n),":[150],"n":[152],"nodes":[157],"ring;":[160],"O(n)":[165],"achieves":[168],"O(kn)":[170],"delay.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}