{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288057802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46214.2022.9833666","title":"Four Attacks and a Proof for Telegram","display_name":"Four Attacks and a Proof for Telegram","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288057802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46214.2022.9833666"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sp46214.2022.9833666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46214.2022.9833666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363606603","display_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066696423","display_name":"M. Albrecht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1835-052X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","display_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04g2vpn86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin R. Albrecht","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of London,Information Security Group, Royal Holloway","Information Security Group, Royal Holloway, University of London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of London,Information Security Group, Royal Holloway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Group, Royal Holloway, University of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021787921","display_name":"Lenka Marekov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8616-4150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","display_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04g2vpn86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lenka Marekov\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of London,Information Security Group, Royal Holloway","Information Security Group, Royal Holloway, University of London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of London,Information Security Group, Royal Holloway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Group, Royal Holloway, University of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072987600","display_name":"Kenneth G. Paterson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5145-4489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth G. Paterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Cryptography Group, ETH Zurich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Cryptography Group, ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069046629","display_name":"Igors Stepanovs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3963-5584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igors Stepanovs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Cryptography Group, ETH Zurich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Cryptography Group, ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066696423"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1815,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89684601,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"87","last_page":"106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7523865699768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-exchange","display_name":"Key exchange","score":0.6784771680831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6694138050079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.6138792037963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.6059079170227051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-secrecy","display_name":"Forward secrecy","score":0.5868475437164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5614404678344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5573491454124451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5274339318275452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.4793158769607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.42044320702552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3623020052909851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.24748852849006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.1902124583721161}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7523865699768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99674996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414155","display_name":"Key exchange","level":4,"score":0.6784771680831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6694138050079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6138792037963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.6059079170227051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205009425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q935662","display_name":"Forward secrecy","level":4,"score":0.5868475437164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5614404678344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5573491454124451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5274339318275452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.4793158769607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.42044320702552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3623020052909851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.24748852849006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.1902124583721161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sp46214.2022.9833666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46214.2022.9833666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363606603","display_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000506353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/506353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91225305","https://openalex.org/W1486887102","https://openalex.org/W1514489116","https://openalex.org/W1584813264","https://openalex.org/W1809974132","https://openalex.org/W2016250398","https://openalex.org/W2106847401","https://openalex.org/W2117679156","https://openalex.org/W2122650430","https://openalex.org/W2139172211","https://openalex.org/W2163005041","https://openalex.org/W2167606175","https://openalex.org/W2169290761","https://openalex.org/W2399916509","https://openalex.org/W2538771899","https://openalex.org/W2753645335","https://openalex.org/W2783094138","https://openalex.org/W2912141399","https://openalex.org/W2952595778","https://openalex.org/W3037299701","https://openalex.org/W3113657007","https://openalex.org/W3175284277","https://openalex.org/W4205903590","https://openalex.org/W4241062446","https://openalex.org/W4287162003","https://openalex.org/W6603667458","https://openalex.org/W6712689619","https://openalex.org/W6759056001","https://openalex.org/W6764369971","https://openalex.org/W6780163766","https://openalex.org/W6787536607"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3006652224","https://openalex.org/W2947414929","https://openalex.org/W110317680","https://openalex.org/W2359065662","https://openalex.org/W2604277541","https://openalex.org/W2790635691","https://openalex.org/W2947337737","https://openalex.org/W4285207525","https://openalex.org/W2978912884","https://openalex.org/W2950509843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,19,100],"study":[1,173],"the":[2,8,15,26,63,69,127,147,155,158,170],"use":[3,176],"of":[4,14,38,88,91,111,129,157,174,177],"symmetric":[5,178],"cryptography":[6],"in":[7,32,48,114],"MTProto":[9,79,96],"2.0":[10],"protocol,":[11],"Telegram\u2019s":[12,39,138,163],"equivalent":[13],"TLS":[16],"record":[17],"protocol.":[18,141],"give":[20,103],"positive":[21],"and":[22,31,42,131],"negative":[23],"results.":[24],"On":[25,68,119],"one":[27,87,90,153],"hand,":[28,71],"we":[29,72,145],"formally":[30],"detail":[33],"model":[34,60],"a":[35,49,104,151],"slight":[36],"variant":[37],"\u201crecord":[40],"protocol\u201d":[41],"prove":[43],"that":[44,134],"it":[45],"achieves":[46],"security":[47],"suitable":[50],"bidirectional":[51],"secure":[52,66],"channel":[53],"model,":[54],"albeit":[55],"under":[56],"unstudied":[57],"assumptions;":[58],"this":[59,122],"itself":[61],"advances":[62],"state-of-the-art":[64],"for":[65],"channels.":[67],"other":[70],"first":[73,171],"motivate":[74],"our":[75,98,167],"modelling":[76],"deviation":[77],"from":[78],"as":[80],"deployed":[81],"by":[82,126,137],"giving":[83],"two":[84],"attacks":[85],"\u2013":[86,94],"practical,":[89],"theoretical":[92],"interest":[93],"against":[95,154],"without":[97],"modifications.":[99],"then":[101],"also":[102],"third":[105,148],"attack":[106,123,149],"exploiting":[107],"timing":[108],"side":[109],"channels,":[110],"varying":[112],"strength,":[113],"three":[115],"official":[116],"Telegram":[117],"clients.":[118],"its":[120],"own":[121],"is":[124],"thwarted":[125],"secrecy":[128],"salt":[130],"id":[132],"fields":[133],"are":[135],"established":[136],"key":[139,159],"exchange":[140,160],"To":[142],"recover":[143],"these,":[144],"chain":[146],"with":[150],"fourth":[152],"implementation":[156],"protocol":[161],"on":[162],"servers.":[164],"In":[165],"totality,":[166],"results":[168],"provide":[169],"comprehensive":[172],"MTProto\u2019s":[175],"cryptography.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}