{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125910537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342696","title":"AMDCG: Joint Computation Offloading and Resource Allocation via Metadata-Driven Centipede Game and Deep Reinforcement Learning in 6G SAGIN","display_name":"AMDCG: Joint Computation Offloading and Resource Allocation via Metadata-Driven Centipede Game and Deep Reinforcement Learning in 6G SAGIN","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125910537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342696"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342696","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124129158","display_name":"Lijun Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lijun Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Information Science &amp; Technology University,School of Computer Science,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Information Science &amp; Technology University,School of Computer Science,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124113242","display_name":"Xin Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Information Science &amp; Technology University,School of Computer Science,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Information Science &amp; Technology University,School of Computer Science,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003865506","display_name":"Libo Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3651-5888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Libo Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Information Science &amp; Technology University,School of Computer Science,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Information Science &amp; Technology University,School of Computer Science,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124061501","display_name":"Xin Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Information Science &amp; Technology University,School of Computer Science,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Information Science &amp; Technology University,School of Computer Science,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124068720","display_name":"Ning Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Information Science &amp; Technology University,School of Computer Science,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Information Science &amp; Technology University,School of Computer Science,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124129158"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74674906,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4216","last_page":"4223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.6583999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.6583999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.19709999859333038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.051600001752376556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5856999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.5774000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5573999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4578999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4366999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.37790000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.375900000333786}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7857999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6565999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5856999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.5774000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5573999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4578999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4366999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.37790000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.3587000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.3400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164752517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570875","display_name":"Global optimization","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778079155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288500","display_name":"Potential game","level":3,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127964446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1092142","display_name":"Computational resource","level":3,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342696","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8660383224487305,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312862297","https://openalex.org/W4312864291","https://openalex.org/W4366147737","https://openalex.org/W4385820027","https://openalex.org/W4391935850","https://openalex.org/W4401508005","https://openalex.org/W4402473922","https://openalex.org/W4402509344","https://openalex.org/W4402509610","https://openalex.org/W4403095032","https://openalex.org/W4404810289","https://openalex.org/W4407831629"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"6G":[1,147],"technology":[2],"continues":[3],"to":[4,66,73,93,217],"evolve,":[5],"future":[6],"communication":[7],"systems":[8],"demand":[9],"extremely":[10],"low":[11,51],"latency,":[12],"improved":[13],"energy":[14,166,214],"efficiency,":[15],"and":[16,60,77,117,165,180,213],"support":[17],"for":[18,122],"massive":[19],"device":[20],"connectivity.":[21],"To":[22],"address":[23],"these":[24,81],"demands,":[25],"the":[26,74,125,129,133,138,157,161,200,205],"integration":[27,45],"of":[28,80,132,159,211],"Space-Air-Ground":[29],"Integrated":[30],"Networks":[31],"(SAGIN)":[32],"with":[33,152,176],"Mobile":[34],"Edge":[35],"Computing":[36],"(MEC)":[37],"has":[38],"emerged":[39],"as":[40,168],"a":[41,104,112,146,169],"compelling":[42],"strategy.":[43],"This":[44],"leverages":[46],"edge":[47,82,95],"nodes":[48],"deployed":[49],"on":[50,191],"Earth":[52],"orbit":[53],"(LEOs)":[54],"satellites,":[55],"unmanned":[56],"aerial":[57],"vehicles":[58],"(UAVs),":[59],"terrestrial":[61],"small":[62],"base":[63],"stations":[64],"(SBSs)":[65],"deliver":[67],"distributed":[68],"computational":[69],"resources.":[70],"Nevertheless,":[71],"due":[72],"inherent":[75],"heterogeneity":[76],"limited":[78],"capabilities":[79],"devices,":[83],"reliably":[84],"offloading":[85,207],"computing":[86,134,154],"tasks":[87],"from":[88],"ground":[89],"user":[90],"equipments":[91],"(UEs)":[92],"appropriate":[94],"nodes\u2014whether":[96],"satellite-based,":[97],"aerial,":[98],"terrestrial,":[99],"or":[100],"via":[101],"local":[102],"execution\u2014remains":[103],"significant":[105],"challenge.":[106],"In":[107],"this":[108],"paper,":[109],"we":[110,144],"design":[111],"metadata-driven":[113],"intelligent":[114],"offload":[115],"prediction":[116],"global":[118,162],"resource":[119],"optimization":[120,178],"framework":[121],"centipede":[123,186],"games,":[124],"metadata":[126,184],"only":[127],"contains":[128],"key":[130],"information":[131],"task,":[135],"but":[136],"not":[137],"actual":[139],"task":[140],"data":[141],"itself.":[142],"Then":[143],"envision":[145],"smart":[148],"city":[149],"network":[150],"architecture":[151],"complex":[153],"scenarios,":[155],"formulate":[156],"problem":[158],"minimizing":[160],"average":[163],"delay":[164],"consumption":[167,215],"Markov":[170],"Decision":[171],"Process":[172],"(MDP)":[173],"by":[174],"combining":[175],"Bellman\u2019s":[177],"equations,":[179],"propose":[181],"an":[182],"asynchronous":[183],"driven":[185],"game":[187],"method":[188,202],"(AMDCG)":[189],"based":[190],"deep":[192],"reinforcement":[193],"learning":[194],"(DRL).":[195],"Simulation":[196],"results":[197],"show":[198],"that":[199],"AMDCG":[201],"significantly":[203],"reduces":[204],"system":[206],"overhead":[208],"in":[209],"terms":[210],"latency":[212],"compared":[216],"other":[218],"benchmark":[219],"algorithms.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-29T23:17:01.242718","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}
