{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991517295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2019.8914024","title":"Restoration of Upper Limb Voluntary Motor Function in Chronic Severe Hemiplegia Using a Brain-Computer Interface-Triggered Functional Electrical Stimulation Therapy","display_name":"Restoration of Upper Limb Voluntary Motor Function in Chronic Severe Hemiplegia Using a Brain-Computer Interface-Triggered Functional Electrical Stimulation Therapy","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991517295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2019.8914024","mag":"2991517295"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc.2019.8914024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2019.8914024","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079975483","display_name":"Lazar I. Jovanovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1833-3597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lazar I. Jovanovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering of the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CANADA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering of the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CANADA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068293939","display_name":"Naaz Kapadia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7999-7488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799838188","display_name":"Toronto Rehabilitation Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00mxe0976","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325899441","https://openalex.org/I2799838188"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naaz Desai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rehabilitation Sciences Institute of the University, of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CANADA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rehabilitation Sciences Institute of the University, of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CANADA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799838188","https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076448226","display_name":"C\u00e9sar M\u00e1rquez-Chin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9916-4122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325899441","display_name":"University Health Network","ror":"https://ror.org/042xt5161","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325899441"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799838188","display_name":"Toronto Rehabilitation Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00mxe0976","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325899441","https://openalex.org/I2799838188"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cesar Marquez-Chin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toronto Rehabilitation Institute \u2013 University Health Network, Toronto, ON, CANADA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toronto Rehabilitation Institute \u2013 University Health Network, Toronto, ON, CANADA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799838188","https://openalex.org/I1325899441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.7740535736083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.7222686409950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-electrical-stimulation","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","score":0.710637092590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forearm","display_name":"Forearm","score":0.6959474086761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-limb","display_name":"Upper limb","score":0.633346676826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-movement","display_name":"Functional movement","score":0.5770473480224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-stroke","display_name":"Chronic stroke","score":0.5568903088569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.5483275055885315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","score":0.5178670883178711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.49668222665786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4659828543663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.45042240619659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.44331490993499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-function","display_name":"Motor function","score":0.43959134817123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.38187375664711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.17526137828826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.14853477478027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.13149341940879822}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.7740535736083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.7222686409950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.710637092590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780214079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228537","display_name":"Forearm","level":2,"score":0.6959474086761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776660947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841423","display_name":"Upper limb","level":2,"score":0.633346676826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64635419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508837","display_name":"Functional movement","level":2,"score":0.5770473480224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018579778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12202","display_name":"Chronic stroke","level":3,"score":0.5568903088569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5483275055885315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.5178670883178711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.49668222665786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4659828543663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.45042240619659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.44331490993499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988438704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2996165","display_name":"Motor function","level":2,"score":0.43959134817123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38187375664711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.17526137828826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.14853477478027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.13149341940879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc.2019.8914024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2019.8914024","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38231624","https://openalex.org/W1497431575","https://openalex.org/W1964981124","https://openalex.org/W1988591479","https://openalex.org/W2017877008","https://openalex.org/W2060836531","https://openalex.org/W2085126485","https://openalex.org/W2088564476","https://openalex.org/W2090684424","https://openalex.org/W2102438984","https://openalex.org/W2106581113","https://openalex.org/W2120399229","https://openalex.org/W2122048922","https://openalex.org/W2126185017","https://openalex.org/W2137761035","https://openalex.org/W2341032166","https://openalex.org/W2478630298","https://openalex.org/W2531095376","https://openalex.org/W2546948216","https://openalex.org/W2595156755","https://openalex.org/W2745521186","https://openalex.org/W2767708587","https://openalex.org/W2780011893","https://openalex.org/W2808112130","https://openalex.org/W2950499230"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2614290014","https://openalex.org/W2327512862","https://openalex.org/W2101229098","https://openalex.org/W3083607806","https://openalex.org/W2367057095","https://openalex.org/W2884402127","https://openalex.org/W2261307815","https://openalex.org/W3120395217","https://openalex.org/W2120873811","https://openalex.org/W2349952751"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"individuals":[1],"with":[2,71],"chronic":[3],"severe":[4],"hemiplegia":[5],"resulting":[6],"from":[7],"a":[8,11,31,66,84],"stroke":[9,32],"underwent":[10],"rehabilitation":[12],"intervention":[13,62],"for":[14],"40":[15],"and":[16,26,40,100,106,117],"80":[17],"hours":[18],"to":[19,36,51,112],"restore":[20],"voluntary":[21],"movement":[22],"in":[23,56,69,109],"their":[24,57,110,114],"arms":[25],"hands.":[27],"Both":[28,102],"participants":[29,103],"had":[30,41,49],"six":[33],"years":[34],"prior":[35],"joining":[37],"the":[38,93,96],"study":[39],"since":[42],"tried":[43],"multiple":[44],"interventions":[45],"all":[46],"of":[47,95],"which":[48],"failed":[50],"produce":[52],"any":[53],"meaningful":[54,107],"improvement":[55],"upper":[58],"limb":[59],"function.":[60],"The":[61,89],"presented":[63],"here":[64],"used":[65],"brain-computer":[67],"interface":[68],"combination":[70],"functional":[72,79],"electrical":[73],"stimulation":[74],"therapy.":[75],"During":[76],"each":[77],"session,":[78],"tasks,":[80],"such":[81],"as":[82,119],"lifting":[83],"water":[85],"bottle,":[86],"were":[87],"practised.":[88],"performed":[90],"motions":[91],"engaged":[92],"muscles":[94],"shoulder,":[97],"arm,":[98],"forearm,":[99],"hand.":[101],"experienced":[104],"significant":[105],"changes":[108],"ability":[111],"use":[113],"affected":[115],"arm":[116],"hand":[118],"measured":[120],"by":[121],"standard":[122],"clinical":[123],"measures.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}