{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400350991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartnets61466.2024.10577644","title":"On the Performance of Malware Detection Classifiers Using Hardware Performance Counters","display_name":"On the Performance of Malware Detection Classifiers Using Hardware Performance Counters","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400350991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartnets61466.2024.10577644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartnets61466.2024.10577644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartnets61466.2024.10577644","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 International Conference on Smart Applications, Communications and Networking (SmartNets)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093917929","display_name":"Alireza Abolhasani Zeraatkar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Abolhasani Zeraatkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,ECE Department,Davis,United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,ECE Department,Davis,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093917930","display_name":"Parnian Shabani Kamran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1341-0187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parnian Shabani Kamran","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,ECE Department,Davis,United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,ECE Department,Davis,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100696983","display_name":"Inderpreet Kaur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-8265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inderpreet Kaur","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,ECE Department,Davis,United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,ECE Department,Davis,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100022037","display_name":"Nagabindu Ramu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nagabindu Ramu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,ECE Department,Davis,United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,ECE Department,Davis,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086648779","display_name":"Tyler Sheaves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0163-5449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyler Sheaves","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,ECE Department,Davis,United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,ECE Department,Davis,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057526944","display_name":"Hussain Al-Asaad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussain Al-Asaad","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,ECE Department,Davis,United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,ECE Department,Davis,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093917929"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1206,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76468384,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8545087575912476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7406553030014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.42298567295074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.40283137559890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3870808482170105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8545087575912476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7406553030014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.42298567295074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.40283137559890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3870808482170105}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartnets61466.2024.10577644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartnets61466.2024.10577644","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 International Conference on Smart Applications, Communications and Networking (SmartNets)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2807415350","https://openalex.org/W2955425106","https://openalex.org/W3007346474","https://openalex.org/W3087990352","https://openalex.org/W3137611750","https://openalex.org/W3146139378","https://openalex.org/W3200750064","https://openalex.org/W4285212536","https://openalex.org/W4297689184","https://openalex.org/W4308642425","https://openalex.org/W4383981974","https://openalex.org/W4394827107"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2097492617","https://openalex.org/W2753240997","https://openalex.org/W1764168690","https://openalex.org/W2537959205","https://openalex.org/W2740895074","https://openalex.org/W2772446090","https://openalex.org/W4284893819","https://openalex.org/W2249809453"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Malware":[0],"detection":[1,75,88,157,179],"using":[2,76,183],"Hardware":[3],"Performance":[4],"Counters":[5],"(HPC)":[6],"has":[7],"emerged":[8],"as":[9,20,50],"a":[10,21,57,129,139,160],"promising":[11],"solution":[12],"to":[13,23,35,42,62,96,122,135,152,195],"improve":[14,97],"the":[15,64,84,98,101,107,115,120,154,167,175,184,200],"security":[16],"of":[17,68,86,100,109,162,169,202],"computing":[18],"systems":[19],"complement":[22],"antivirus":[24],"software.":[25],"Hardware-based":[26],"malware":[27,74,87,103,178,219],"detectors":[28,205],"(HMD)":[29],"use":[30,92,142,207],"Machine":[31],"Learning":[32],"(ML)":[33],"classifiers":[34,44,81,189],"detect":[36],"malicious":[37],"application":[38,125],"patterns.":[39],"The":[40,170],"inputs":[41],"ML":[43],"are":[45],"low-level":[46,65],"performance":[47,99,201],"features":[48],"known":[49],"HPCs,":[51,214],"hardware-related":[52],"activity":[53],"data":[54],"collected":[55],"from":[56],"processor":[58,130],"at":[59,89,138],"run":[60,123],"time":[61],"profile":[63],"microarchitectural":[66],"behavior":[67],"an":[69,124],"application.":[70],"This":[71,113],"paper":[72],"proposes":[73],"HPCs":[77,182,192,209],"and":[78,82],"machine":[79],"learning":[80,94,150],"highlights":[83],"effectiveness":[85],"run-time.":[90],"We":[91,141],"ensemble":[93,149,176,185],"techniques":[95],"hardware-based":[102],"detectors,":[104],"which":[105],"reduces":[106],"number":[108],"necessary":[110],"micro-architectural":[111],"events.":[112],"improves":[114],"processor's":[116],"efficiency":[117],"by":[118,166,193],"eliminating":[119],"need":[121],"several":[126],"times":[127],"since":[128],"can":[131],"measure":[132],"only":[133,212],"2":[134,181],"8":[136,191],"events":[137],"cycle.":[140],"18":[143],"machine-learning":[144],"models":[145],"along":[146],"with":[147,180,190],"two":[148],"methods":[151],"evaluate":[153],"mal":[155],"ware":[156],"performance.":[158],"Creating":[159],"total":[161],"144":[163],"different":[164],"configurations":[165],"factor":[168],"experimental":[171],"results":[172],"show":[173],"that":[174,206],"learning-based":[177],"technique":[186],"outperforms":[187],"standard":[188,203],"up":[194],"10%.":[196],"It":[197],"also":[198],"matches":[199],"ML-based":[204],"16":[208],"while":[210],"requiring":[211],"4":[213],"thereby":[215],"enabling":[216],"effective":[217],"run-time":[218],"detection.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
