{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389387668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm57358.2023.10333902","title":"Comparative Study on Smart Grid Security Testbeds Using MITRE ATT&CK Matrix","display_name":"Comparative Study on Smart Grid Security Testbeds Using MITRE ATT&CK Matrix","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389387668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm57358.2023.10333902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm57358.2023.10333902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm57358.2023.10333902","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037026401","display_name":"Aneeqa Mumrez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157642","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/056qj1t15","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aneeqa Mumrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, KASTEL Security Research Labs","Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, KASTEL Security Research Labs, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, KASTEL Security Research Labs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, KASTEL Security Research Labs, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074424049","display_name":"Muhammad M. Roomi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-1736"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad M. Roomi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Advanced Research Center at Singapore (IARCS)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Advanced Research Center at Singapore (IARCS)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008404882","display_name":"Heng Chuan Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1780-4078"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Chuan Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Advanced Research Center at Singapore (IARCS)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Advanced Research Center at Singapore (IARCS)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049285151","display_name":"Daisuke Mashima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1946-1790"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daisuke Mashima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Advanced Research Center at Singapore (IARCS)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Advanced Research Center at Singapore (IARCS)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025369498","display_name":"Ghada Elbez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1137-1782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157642","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/056qj1t15","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghada Elbez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, KASTEL Security Research Labs","Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, KASTEL Security Research Labs, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, KASTEL Security Research Labs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, KASTEL Security Research Labs, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014228448","display_name":"Veit Hagenmeyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3572-9083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157642","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/056qj1t15","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veit Hagenmeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, KASTEL Security Research Labs","Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, KASTEL Security Research Labs, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, KASTEL Security Research Labs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, KASTEL Security Research Labs, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037026401"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I4210157642"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1724,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78997162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.9031009078025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8230223059654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.7186780571937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.685665488243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.6181658506393433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5456933379173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5259941816329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4351480007171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32230013608932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.22599762678146362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.17575886845588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.1725044548511505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09493917226791382}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.9031009078025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8230223059654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.7186780571937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.685665488243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.6181658506393433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5456933379173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5259941816329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4351480007171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32230013608932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.22599762678146362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.17575886845588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.1725044548511505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09493917226791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm57358.2023.10333902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm57358.2023.10333902","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325698","display_name":"Helmholtz Association","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097454848","https://openalex.org/W2551233363","https://openalex.org/W2594635183","https://openalex.org/W2907689277","https://openalex.org/W2969583644","https://openalex.org/W2982140757","https://openalex.org/W4200106749","https://openalex.org/W4205911522","https://openalex.org/W4206299818","https://openalex.org/W4309771115","https://openalex.org/W4318821377","https://openalex.org/W4321230954","https://openalex.org/W4385730889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2106140982","https://openalex.org/W2152313554","https://openalex.org/W2064303750","https://openalex.org/W2122386400","https://openalex.org/W2006210355","https://openalex.org/W2148526773","https://openalex.org/W2139410723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65],"increasing":[1,11],"use":[2],"of":[3,36,53,74,77,89,121,131,146],"information":[4],"and":[5,23,46,63,101,113,124,142],"communication":[6],"technologies":[7],"has":[8],"led":[9],"to":[10,20,42,117,126,134,154],"threats":[12],"on":[13,28],"critical":[14],"infrastructure":[15],"like":[16],"smart":[17,37,54,91,161],"grids.":[18,162],"Owing":[19],"confidentiality":[21],"issues":[22],"difficulties":[24],"in":[25],"experimenting":[26],"cyberattacks":[27],"a":[29,87],"real":[30],"environment,":[31],"testbeds":[32,56,148],"reflecting":[33],"the":[34,72,119,129,147],"characteristics":[35],"grids":[38],"have":[39],"been":[40],"developed":[41],"enable":[43],"attack":[44,151],"experiments":[45],"cybersecurity":[47,157],"research.":[48],"In":[49],"fact,":[50],"different":[51,80],"implementations":[52],"grid":[55,92],"exist,":[57],"each":[58,75],"with":[59,86],"its":[60],"own":[61],"challenges":[62,158],"limitations.":[64],"comparative":[66],"study":[67,85,153],"we":[68,138],"present":[69,105],"here":[70],"justifies":[71],"usability":[73],"type":[76],"testbed":[78,132],"for":[79,144],"experiments.":[81],"We":[82,103],"begin":[83],"our":[84],"selection":[88,130],"state-of-the-art":[90],"testbeds,":[93],"which":[94],"can":[95],"be":[96],"classified":[97],"into":[98],"physical,":[99],"hybrid,":[100],"virtual.":[102],"then":[104],"an":[106,150],"evaluation":[107],"based":[108],"upon":[109],"several":[110],"qualitative":[111],"metrics":[112],"MITRE":[114],"ATT&CK":[115],"matrix":[116],"demonstrate":[118],"coverage":[120],"all":[122],"tactics":[123,141],"techniques":[125,143],"guide":[127],"about":[128],"according":[133],"security":[135],"needs.":[136],"Finally,":[137],"explain":[139],"applicable":[140],"one":[145],"through":[149],"case":[152],"highlight":[155],"current":[156],"faced":[159],"by":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}