{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2977379144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm47815.2020.9303008","title":"Learning Optimal Solutions for Extremely Fast AC Optimal Power Flow","display_name":"Learning Optimal Solutions for Extremely Fast AC Optimal Power Flow","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2977379144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm47815.2020.9303008","mag":"2977379144"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm47815.2020.9303008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm47815.2020.9303008","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.01213","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008068890","display_name":"Ahmed S. Zamzam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1175-2801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed S. Zamzam","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA","National Renewable energy laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable energy laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089917341","display_name":"Kyri Baker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6854-9134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802236040","display_name":"University of Colorado System","ror":"https://ror.org/00jc20583","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyri Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","University of Colorado Boulder"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802236040","https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008068890"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1593,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94678169,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7062628269195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6978987455368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-flow","display_name":"Power flow","score":0.697365403175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6575188636779785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.6501356363296509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.522536039352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4651789367198944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.43830007314682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.4186725616455078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12820789217948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07909354567527771}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7062628269195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6978987455368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986056383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556030","display_name":"Power flow","level":4,"score":0.697365403175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6575188636779785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6501356363296509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.522536039352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4651789367198944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.43830007314682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.4186725616455078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12820789217948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07909354567527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm47815.2020.9303008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm47815.2020.9303008","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1910.01213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.01213","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.01213","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2977379144","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.01213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1910.01213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.01213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1910.01213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.01213","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.01213","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338290","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2977379144.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2977379144.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1842929373","https://openalex.org/W2002154164","https://openalex.org/W2014035031","https://openalex.org/W2104255928","https://openalex.org/W2106424475","https://openalex.org/W2161642788","https://openalex.org/W2292412092","https://openalex.org/W2313629133","https://openalex.org/W2321414982","https://openalex.org/W2339497397","https://openalex.org/W2616333561","https://openalex.org/W2737628516","https://openalex.org/W2738184248","https://openalex.org/W2784176971","https://openalex.org/W2786918196","https://openalex.org/W2798412130","https://openalex.org/W2890805775","https://openalex.org/W2910155483","https://openalex.org/W2910872742","https://openalex.org/W2940798501","https://openalex.org/W2953654130","https://openalex.org/W2953880153","https://openalex.org/W2962744362","https://openalex.org/W2963750652","https://openalex.org/W2963763190","https://openalex.org/W2964100695","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2971091630","https://openalex.org/W2974170798","https://openalex.org/W2980844525","https://openalex.org/W2990090413","https://openalex.org/W2994480493","https://openalex.org/W3020265068","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6747876634","https://openalex.org/W6758533370","https://openalex.org/W6760742697","https://openalex.org/W6761239047","https://openalex.org/W6762690883","https://openalex.org/W6764204198","https://openalex.org/W6764800672","https://openalex.org/W6765091864","https://openalex.org/W6769306352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990090413","https://openalex.org/W2994480493","https://openalex.org/W2980844525","https://openalex.org/W2971091630","https://openalex.org/W2965171151","https://openalex.org/W3117855720","https://openalex.org/W3015689570","https://openalex.org/W2964056134","https://openalex.org/W2910872742","https://openalex.org/W2900620189","https://openalex.org/W2106424475","https://openalex.org/W2998540693","https://openalex.org/W3012106393","https://openalex.org/W2968135077","https://openalex.org/W2922251527","https://openalex.org/W2123871098","https://openalex.org/W3038316262","https://openalex.org/W2971295145","https://openalex.org/W2809249143","https://openalex.org/W3126050046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"develop,":[1],"in":[2,77,155,159],"this":[3,64,118],"paper,":[4],"a":[5,122,156],"machine":[6],"learning":[7],"approach":[8],"to":[9,24,58,79,134,145],"optimize":[10],"the":[11,25,47,59,75,81,98,125,148],"real-time":[12],"operation":[13],"of":[14,46,89,97],"electric":[15],"power":[16,28,48,52],"grids.":[17],"In":[18,117],"particular,":[19],"we":[20,120],"learn":[21,121],"feasible":[22,138],"solutions":[23],"AC":[26,37,82,139,151],"optimal":[27,43,129],"flow":[29],"(OPF)":[30],"problem":[31,39,76],"with":[32,62],"negligible":[33],"optimality":[34],"gaps.":[35],"The":[36],"OPF":[38,83,140,152],"aims":[40],"at":[41],"identifying":[42],"operational":[44],"conditions":[45],"grids":[49],"that":[50],"minimize":[51],"losses":[53],"and/or":[54],"generation":[55,130],"costs.":[56],"Due":[57],"computational":[60,160],"challenges":[61],"solving":[63,105,147],"nonconvex":[65,150],"problem,":[66,108,153],"many":[67,88],"efforts":[68],"have":[69],"focused":[70],"on":[71,84],"linearizing":[72],"or":[73],"approximating":[74],"order":[78],"solve":[80],"faster":[85],"timescales.":[86],"However,":[87],"these":[90],"approximations":[91],"can":[92,110],"be":[93,111],"fairly":[94],"poor":[95],"representations":[96],"actual":[99],"system":[100,126],"state":[101],"and":[102,128,137],"still":[103],"require":[104],"an":[106],"optimization":[107],"which":[109],"time":[112],"consuming":[113],"for":[114,162],"large":[115],"networks.":[116],"work,":[119],"mapping":[123],"between":[124],"loading":[127],"values,":[131],"enabling":[132],"us":[133,144],"find":[135],"near-optimal":[136],"solutions.":[141],"This":[142],"allows":[143],"bypass":[146],"traditionally":[149],"resulting":[154],"significant":[157],"decrease":[158],"burden":[161],"grid":[163],"operators.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
