{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2798628810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2017.8340727","title":"Measuring the security posture of IEC 61850 substations with redundancy against zero day attacks","display_name":"Measuring the security posture of IEC 61850 substations with redundancy against zero day attacks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2798628810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2017.8340727","mag":"2798628810"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2017.8340727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2017.8340727","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061912757","display_name":"Onur Duman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2489-8981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Onur Duman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security Research Centre, Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security Research Centre, Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023224430","display_name":"Mengyuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7457-5198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security Research Centre, Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security Research Centre, Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100730397","display_name":"Lingyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7441-7541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security Research Centre, Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security Research Centre, Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028605138","display_name":"Mourad Debbabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3015-3043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mourad Debbabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security Research Centre, Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security Research Centre, Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061912757"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6035,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71932057,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"108","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iec-61850","display_name":"IEC 61850","score":0.9709442853927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.7639838457107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6202921271324158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5487889647483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-breaker","display_name":"Circuit breaker","score":0.4751396179199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.4733441174030304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.463672399520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.32278546690940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27887529134750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08783221244812012}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778907243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168160","display_name":"IEC 61850","level":3,"score":0.9709442853927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7639838457107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6202921271324158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5487889647483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61352017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211058","display_name":"Circuit breaker","level":2,"score":0.4751396179199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4733441174030304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.463672399520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32278546690940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27887529134750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08783221244812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2017.8340727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2017.8340727","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180604521","https://openalex.org/W1526538707","https://openalex.org/W2002619227","https://openalex.org/W2009498872","https://openalex.org/W2022578767","https://openalex.org/W2022589548","https://openalex.org/W2026374852","https://openalex.org/W2033082111","https://openalex.org/W2066895279","https://openalex.org/W2084793134","https://openalex.org/W2094501275","https://openalex.org/W2108951013","https://openalex.org/W2119740108","https://openalex.org/W2121805588","https://openalex.org/W2128240246","https://openalex.org/W2130373165","https://openalex.org/W2283711982","https://openalex.org/W2290944024","https://openalex.org/W2562091164","https://openalex.org/W2563241473","https://openalex.org/W2563466111","https://openalex.org/W2564348914","https://openalex.org/W6731444482"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367739416","https://openalex.org/W2352028207","https://openalex.org/W1847012216","https://openalex.org/W2383397189","https://openalex.org/W2364323245","https://openalex.org/W1984507003","https://openalex.org/W2378142920","https://openalex.org/W2351977728","https://openalex.org/W2392964253","https://openalex.org/W2353883626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"one":[1,64],"of":[2,7,48,56,73,137,143],"the":[3,8,16,23,44,54,70,74,99,135,141,153,164,172],"most":[4],"critical":[5],"components":[6],"smart":[9],"grid,":[10],"substations":[11,29],"are":[12,37,84],"responsible":[13],"for":[14],"distributing":[15],"energy":[17],"to":[18,22,42,139,155],"end":[19],"users.":[20],"According":[21],"substation":[24,117],"automation":[25],"standard,":[26],"IEC":[27,122],"61850-90-4,":[28],"contain":[30],"highly":[31],"complex":[32],"and":[33,124,163],"interconnected":[34],"networks,":[35],"which":[36],"typically":[38],"designed":[39,119],"with":[40,59],"redundancy":[41,51],"improve":[43],"availability":[45],"in":[46,106],"case":[47],"failures.":[49],"The":[50],"usually":[52],"takes":[53],"form":[55],"multiple":[57,107],"subsystems":[58,83,145],"identical":[60],"functionality,":[61],"such":[62,81],"that":[63,80],"failed":[65],"subsystem":[66],"would":[67],"not":[68,85],"affect":[69],"normal":[71],"operation":[72],"entire":[75],"substation.":[76],"However,":[77],"we":[78,112,170],"show":[79],"redundant":[82,144],"always":[86],"effective":[87],"against":[88,146],"malicious":[89],"attacks,":[90],"because,":[91],"unlike":[92],"natural":[93],"faults,":[94],"attackers":[95],"may":[96],"deliberately":[97],"target":[98],"weakest":[100],"link,":[101],"i.e.,":[102],"common":[103],"vulnerabilities":[104],"found":[105],"subsystems.":[108],"In":[109],"this":[110],"paper,":[111],"first":[113],"present":[114],"a":[115,130],"detailed":[116],"configuration":[118],"based":[120],"on":[121],"61850":[123],"industrial":[125],"practices.":[126],"We":[127,151],"then":[128],"devise":[129],"novel":[131],"security":[132],"metric,":[133],"namely,":[134],"factor":[136],"security,":[138],"measure":[140],"effectiveness":[142],"unknown":[147],"zero":[148],"day":[149],"attacks.":[150],"apply":[152],"metric":[154,173],"two":[156],"concrete":[157],"attacks":[158],"scenarios,":[159],"time":[160],"delay":[161],"attack,":[162],"tripping":[165],"circuit":[166],"breakers":[167],"attack.":[168],"Finally,":[169],"evaluate":[171],"through":[174],"simulations.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}