{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1982446626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2011.6102329","title":"Phase identification in smart grids","display_name":"Phase identification in smart grids","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1982446626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2011.6102329","mag":"1982446626"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2011.6102329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2011.6102329","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056759720","display_name":"Vijay Arya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8892-6761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103279","display_name":"IBM Research - India","ror":"https://ror.org/014wt7r80","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210103279","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"V. Arya","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, India","\u2022 IBM Research \u2014 India#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2022 IBM Research \u2014 India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082956417","display_name":"Deva P. Seetharam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103279","display_name":"IBM Research - India","ror":"https://ror.org/014wt7r80","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210103279","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Seetharam","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, India","\u2022 IBM Research \u2014 India#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2022 IBM Research \u2014 India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109227791","display_name":"S. Kalyanaraman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103279","display_name":"IBM Research - India","ror":"https://ror.org/014wt7r80","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210103279","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Kalyanaraman","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, India","\u2022 IBM Research \u2014 India#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2022 IBM Research \u2014 India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058948558","display_name":"K. Dontas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103279","display_name":"IBM Research - India","ror":"https://ror.org/014wt7r80","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210103279","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Dontas","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, India","\u2022 IBM Research \u2014 India#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2022 IBM Research \u2014 India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002165341","display_name":"Christopher J. Pavlovski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2910-8184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120068","display_name":"IBM Research - Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/027r3nx49","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210120068"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Pavlovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM GBS, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM GBS, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021869721","display_name":"S. Hoy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120068","display_name":"IBM Research - Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/027r3nx49","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210120068"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Hoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM GBS, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM GBS, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120068"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057936833","display_name":"Jayant Kalagnanam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5051-2606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. R. Kalagnanam","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, NY, USA","IBM Research, NY, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, NY, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056759720"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210103279"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9657,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91184662,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"25","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.7155829668045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-meter","display_name":"Smart meter","score":0.6863080263137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6513633131980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5885416269302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5646316409111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-phase","display_name":"Three-phase","score":0.52681565284729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.5147433280944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4210112392902374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.4141348600387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.4113369286060333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.363424688577652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3437923192977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33740073442459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18185016512870789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15852093696594238}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.7155829668045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779510800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630602","display_name":"Smart meter","level":3,"score":0.6863080263137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6513633131980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5885416269302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5646316409111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173871940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471846","display_name":"Three-phase","level":3,"score":0.52681565284729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5147433280944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4210112392902374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.4141348600387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4113369286060333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.363424688577652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3437923192977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33740073442459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18185016512870789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15852093696594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2011.6102329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2011.6102329","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W291003596","https://openalex.org/W1482925075","https://openalex.org/W1487274877","https://openalex.org/W1651162638","https://openalex.org/W1971496656","https://openalex.org/W2082727242","https://openalex.org/W2163200662","https://openalex.org/W3173138228"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3018909029","https://openalex.org/W3205631650","https://openalex.org/W2246071452","https://openalex.org/W2775355700","https://openalex.org/W2165970106","https://openalex.org/W1985785385","https://openalex.org/W1124398682","https://openalex.org/W4316660856","https://openalex.org/W2387071565","https://openalex.org/W2052546123"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electricity":[0],"is":[1,24,58,66,71,92,96],"distributed":[2,41],"throughout":[3],"the":[4,37,43,54,76,100,150,154,160,185,217,223],"electrical":[5,55,145],"power":[6,12,40,56,146],"network":[7],"in":[8],"3-phase":[9,39],"voltage.":[10],"This":[11,23,69],"reaches":[13],"households":[14,28],"as":[15,94,135,181,184],"a":[16,46,64,97,124,141,207],"single-phase":[17],"voltage,":[18],"generally":[19],"115vac":[20],"or":[21,34,85],"240vac.":[22],"achieved":[25],"by":[26,177],"allocating":[27],"with":[29],"either":[30,82],"phases":[31,108],"A,":[32],"B,":[33],"C":[35],"of":[36,60,103,144,162,187,192,209,219,225],"final":[38],"to":[42,110,127,199,228],"street":[44],"through":[45],"low":[47],"voltage":[48],"transformer.":[49,156],"A":[50],"present":[51],"problem":[52,102],"confronting":[53],"industry":[57],"identification":[59],"which":[61],"particular":[62],"phase":[63,80,105,202],"household":[65,129,151,201,231],"connected":[67],"to.":[68],"information":[70,91],"often":[72],"not":[73],"tracked":[74],"and":[75,114,152,165,172,211,222],"mechanisms":[77],"for":[78,99],"identifying":[79],"require":[81],"manual":[83],"intervention":[84],"costly":[86],"signal":[87],"injection":[88],"technologies.":[89],"Phase":[90],"important":[93],"it":[95],"foundation":[98],"larger":[101],"balancing":[104],"loads.":[106],"Unbalanced":[107],"lead":[109],"significant":[111],"energy":[112],"losses":[113],"sharply":[115],"reduced":[116],"asset":[117],"lifetimes.":[118],"In":[119],"this":[120],"paper":[121],"we":[122],"propose":[123],"new":[125],"approach":[126],"compute":[128],"phase.":[130,232],"Our":[131,157],"techniques":[132,221],"are":[133,137],"novel":[134],"they":[136],"purely":[138],"based":[139],"upon":[140],"time":[142],"series":[143],"measurements":[147,188,226],"taken":[148],"at":[149,153],"distributing":[155],"methods":[158],"involve":[159],"use":[161],"integer":[163,193],"programming":[164],"solutions":[166],"can":[167],"be":[168,197],"retrieved":[169],"using":[170,206],"branch":[171],"bound":[173],"search":[174],"algorithms":[175],"implemented":[176],"MIP":[178],"solvers":[179],"such":[180],"CPLEX.":[182],"Furthermore,":[183],"number":[186,224],"increase,":[189],"continuous":[190],"relaxations":[191],"programs":[194],"may":[195],"also":[196],"used":[198],"retrieve":[200],"efficiently.":[203],"Simulation":[204],"results":[205],"combination":[208],"synthetic":[210],"real":[212],"smart":[213],"meter":[214],"datasets":[215],"demonstrate":[216],"performance":[218],"our":[220],"needed":[227],"uniquely":[229],"identify":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}