{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413096004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smacd65553.2025.11092008","title":"A Practical PCB-based Framework for Spiking Neural Networks with a Half-Adder Example","display_name":"A Practical PCB-based Framework for Spiking Neural Networks with a Half-Adder Example","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413096004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smacd65553.2025.11092008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smacd65553.2025.11092008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smacd65553.2025.11092008","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 21st International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Methods, and Applications to Circuits Design (SMACD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115995303","display_name":"Sevde Vuslat \u00c7\u0131k\u0131kc\u0131","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sevde Vuslat \u00c7\u0131k\u0131kc\u0131","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul Technical University,Istanbul,Türkiye"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul Technical University,Istanbul,Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115995304","display_name":"Eren \u00d6rek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eren \u00d6rek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul Technical University,Istanbul,Türkiye"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul Technical University,Istanbul,Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119265238","display_name":"Ayhan Aysoy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayhan Aysoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul Technical University,Istanbul,Türkiye"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul Technical University,Istanbul,Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115995305","display_name":"Ali Ka\u011fan \u00d6zgen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301968116","display_name":"MEF University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jz51y94","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301968116"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Ka\u011fan \u00d6zgen","raw_affiliation_strings":["MEF University,Istanbul,Türkiye"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MEF University,Istanbul,Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301968116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Arda Yavuz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301968116","display_name":"MEF University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jz51y94","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301968116"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arda Yavuz","raw_affiliation_strings":["MEF University,Istanbul,Türkiye"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MEF University,Istanbul,Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301968116"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012848022","display_name":"Tuba Ayhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1447-0770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301968116","display_name":"MEF University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jz51y94","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301968116"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuba Ayhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MEF University,Istanbul,Türkiye"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MEF University,Istanbul,Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301968116"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115995303"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17521819,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.9036077260971069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7044931650161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5674422979354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.44539809226989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.321757972240448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29696476459503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1834017038345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.06651937961578369}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.9036077260971069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7044931650161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5674422979354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.44539809226989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.321757972240448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29696476459503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1834017038345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.06651937961578369}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smacd65553.2025.11092008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smacd65553.2025.11092008","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 21st International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Methods, and Applications to Circuits Design (SMACD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gcris.mef.edu.tr:20.500.11779/3085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMACD65553.2025.11092008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055184","display_name":"MEF University Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Object"},{"id":"pmh:oai:polen.itu.edu.tr:11527/59203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11527/59203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400460","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","host_organization_name":"Istanbul Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference object"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143502515","https://openalex.org/W2725445306","https://openalex.org/W2898323475","https://openalex.org/W2966731327","https://openalex.org/W3203183043","https://openalex.org/W4293375780","https://openalex.org/W4297797914","https://openalex.org/W4310854717","https://openalex.org/W4387401444","https://openalex.org/W4406728888","https://openalex.org/W6601374519","https://openalex.org/W6685676971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4390550886","https://openalex.org/W3217463396","https://openalex.org/W2516396101","https://openalex.org/W2790557758","https://openalex.org/W3204929712","https://openalex.org/W2403181385","https://openalex.org/W4213353724"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,15,32,49,54,65,83,131,140,151],"half-adder":[4,33],"problem":[5,134],"using":[6,135,158],"Spiking":[7],"Neural":[8],"Networks":[9],"(SNNs).":[10],"In":[11,71],"a":[12,22],"previous":[13],"study,":[14],"XOR":[16],"operation":[17],"was":[18,74],"successfully":[19],"realized":[20],"on":[21],"breadboard":[23],"and":[24,45,48,57,85],"in":[25,94,117],"this":[26,107],"study":[27,108],"it":[28,73],"is":[29,68],"integrated":[30],"into":[31],"structure.":[34],"The":[35,88,127],"system":[36],"uses":[37],"input":[38],"signals":[39],"at":[40],"frequencies":[41],"of":[42,77,91,130,143,153],"50":[43],"Hz":[44,47],"100":[46],"neurons":[50,93],"are":[51],"generated":[52],"by":[53],"Leaky":[55],"Integrate":[56,84],"Fire":[58,86],"(LIF)":[59],"model.":[60,87],"Unlike":[61],"other":[62],"neuron":[63],"models,":[64],"LIF":[66],"model":[67],"less":[69],"complex.":[70],"addition,":[72],"preferred":[75],"because":[76],"its":[78],"biological":[79],"meaningfulness":[80],"compared":[81],"to":[82],"network,":[89],"consisting":[90],"18":[92],"total,":[95],"shows":[96],"that":[97,110],"basic":[98,111],"arithmetic":[99],"operations":[100,113],"can":[101,114],"be":[102,115],"performed":[103],"with":[104],"SNN.":[105],"Overall,":[106],"demonstrates":[109],"logic":[112],"implemented":[116],"neural":[118,162],"networks,":[119],"thus":[120],"providing":[121],"new":[122,148],"perspectives":[123,149],"for":[124,150],"digital":[125],"calculation.":[126],"successful":[128],"solution":[129],"Half":[132],"Adder":[133],"SNNs":[136],"not":[137],"only":[138],"proves":[139],"calculation":[141],"capabilities":[142],"SNNs,":[144],"but":[145],"also":[146],"opens":[147],"development":[152],"more":[154],"complex":[155],"logical":[156],"circuits":[157],"these":[159],"biologically":[160],"inspired":[161],"circuits.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}