{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2126331469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sips.2008.4671748","title":"An implementation friendly low complexity multiplierless LLR generator for soft MIMO sphere decoders","display_name":"An implementation friendly low complexity multiplierless LLR generator for soft MIMO sphere decoders","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2126331469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sips.2008.4671748","mag":"2126331469"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sips.2008.4671748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sips.2008.4671748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100719010","display_name":"Min Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7750-3034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESAT, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","Nomadic Embedded System Division, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESAT, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nomadic Embedded System Division, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102760981","display_name":"David Novo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5510-4152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Novo","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESAT, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","Nomadic Embedded System Division, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESAT, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nomadic Embedded System Division, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087295309","display_name":"Bruno Bougard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Bougard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nomadic Embedded System Division, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nomadic Embedded System Division, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057385442","display_name":"Frederik Naessens","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederik Naessens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nomadic Embedded System Division, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nomadic Embedded System Division, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016605260","display_name":"Liesbet Van der Perre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9158-9628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liesbet Van Der Perre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nomadic Embedded System Division, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nomadic Embedded System Division, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033235745","display_name":"Francky Catthoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3599-8515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francky Catthoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESAT, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","Nomadic Embedded System Division, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESAT, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nomadic Embedded System Division, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"118","last_page":"123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7463215589523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.6438923478126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.571458101272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-decision-decoder","display_name":"Soft-decision decoder","score":0.5297616124153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5132172107696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4845530092716217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"Code generation","score":0.48162931203842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.45116639137268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.445359468460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36248552799224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.35736316442489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.34281259775161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15793952345848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08939963579177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.08880147337913513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7463215589523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.6438923478126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.571458101272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185588885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7553811","display_name":"Soft-decision decoder","level":3,"score":0.5297616124153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5132172107696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4845530092716217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.48162931203842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.45116639137268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.445359468460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36248552799224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.35736316442489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.34281259775161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15793952345848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08939963579177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.08880147337913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sips.2008.4671748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sips.2008.4671748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:lirmm-02089293v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-02089293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS), Oct 2008, Washington, United States. pp.118-123, &#x27E8;10.1109/SIPS.2008.4671748&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000871594","https://openalex.org/W2096431078","https://openalex.org/W2096518409","https://openalex.org/W2112772743","https://openalex.org/W2118899075","https://openalex.org/W2138184302","https://openalex.org/W2160897074","https://openalex.org/W2168830205","https://openalex.org/W2542487019","https://openalex.org/W2549067484","https://openalex.org/W6674610239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1859423146","https://openalex.org/W2033584306","https://openalex.org/W2021749381","https://openalex.org/W2973118807","https://openalex.org/W2152712928","https://openalex.org/W2160620982","https://openalex.org/W2375347755","https://openalex.org/W1605068943","https://openalex.org/W2186763713","https://openalex.org/W2068696707"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0,116],"combined":[1],"with":[2,118,157],"advanced":[3],"FEC":[4],"techniques":[5],"such":[6],"as":[7,170],"the":[8,58,62,73,82,108,119,148,153,171],"Turbo":[9],"code":[10],"and":[11,25,49,61,98,103,111,141,168],"LDPC":[12],"code,":[13],"soft-output":[14,28,39],"MIMO":[15],"sphere":[16,21,29,40],"decoders":[17,30],"significantly":[18],"outperform":[19],"hard-output":[20],"decoders.":[22],"Hence,":[23],"algorithms":[24],"implementations":[26,42,55],"of":[27,45,81],"have":[31],"attracted":[32],"intensive":[33],"interest":[34],"in":[35,67,173,179],"recent":[36],"years.":[37],"Practical":[38],"decoder":[41],"often":[43],"consist":[44],"a":[46,50,68,78,176],"list":[47,59,121],"generator":[48,64,75],"LLR":[51,63,74,93],"generator.":[52,94],"Most":[53],"existing":[54],"focus":[56],"on":[57],"generator,":[60,122],"is":[65,86],"implemented":[66,169],"relatively":[69],"straightforward":[70],"way.":[71],"However,":[72],"accounts":[76],"for":[77],"great":[79],"part":[80],"complexity.":[83],"Our":[84],"contribution":[85],"an":[87],"implementation":[88],"friendly":[89],"low":[90],"complexity":[91,110],"multiplierless":[92],"We":[95],"apply":[96],"selective":[97],"incremental":[99],"updating,":[100],"algebraic":[101],"simplifications":[102],"strength":[104],"reductions":[105],"to":[106,112,134,138,143],"reduce":[107],"algorithmic":[109,149],"eliminate":[113],"all":[114],"multiplications.":[115],"integrated":[117],"SSFE":[120],"our":[123],"scheme":[124],"not":[125],"only":[126],"remove":[127,132],"100%":[128],"multiplications,":[129],"but":[130],"also":[131],"26%":[133],"83%":[135],"additions,":[136],"76%":[137],"94%":[139],"bit-shifts":[140],"63%":[142],"91%":[144],"memory":[145],"operations.":[146],"Besides":[147],"aspects,":[150],"we":[151],"extract":[152],"key":[154],"data-flow":[155],"block":[156],"well-defined":[158],"control":[159],"signals.":[160],"This":[161],"can":[162],"be":[163],"easily":[164],"mapped":[165],"onto":[166],"micro-architectures":[167],"data-path":[172],"ASICs,":[174],"or":[175],"function":[177],"unit":[178],"ASIPs.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
