{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131869708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sii64115.2026.11404609","title":"Evaluation of Surgical Skills Using Machine Learning and Interpretation of Results with Explainable AI in Practical Laparoscopic Surgery Training","display_name":"Evaluation of Surgical Skills Using Machine Learning and Interpretation of Results with Explainable AI in Practical Laparoscopic Surgery Training","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131869708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sii64115.2026.11404609"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sii64115.2026.11404609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sii64115.2026.11404609","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104233938","display_name":"Lingbo YAN","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lingbo Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,Sapporo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,Sapporo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Takashige Abe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashige Abe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127451295","display_name":"Koki Ebina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koki Ebina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,Sapporo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,Sapporo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113936656","display_name":"Masafumi Kon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masafumi Kon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102295455","display_name":"Madoka Higuchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madoka Higuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042658468","display_name":"KIYOHIKO HOTTA","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiyohiko Hotta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037376148","display_name":"Jun Furumido","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4526-6529"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Furumido","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asahikawa Kousei Hospital,Department of Urology,Asahikawa,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asahikawa Kousei Hospital,Department of Urology,Asahikawa,Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049885486","display_name":"Naoya Iwahara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4909-7117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naoya Iwahara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127461478","display_name":"Shunsuke Komizunai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201933988","display_name":"Kagawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7mzp05","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201933988"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunsuke Komizunai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kagawa University,Faculty of Engineering and Design,Takamatsu,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kagawa University,Faculty of Engineering and Design,Takamatsu,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201933988"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102762650","display_name":"Teppei Tsujita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5293-8522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I443798","display_name":"National Defense Academy of Japan","ror":"https://ror.org/05xszy717","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I443798"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teppei Tsujita","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Defense Academy of Japan,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Yokosuka,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Defense Academy of Japan,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Yokosuka,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I443798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018067184","display_name":"Kazuya Sase","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9360-9779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I310553","display_name":"Tohoku Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/0504dfg48","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I310553"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuya Sase","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tohoku Gakuin University,Faculty of Engineering,Sendai,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tohoku Gakuin University,Faculty of Engineering,Sendai,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I310553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058801449","display_name":"Xiaoshuai Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8671-0211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146516829","display_name":"Hirosaki University","ror":"https://ror.org/02syg0q74","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146516829"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoshuai Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hirosaki University,Graduate School of Science and Technology,Hirosaki,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hirosaki University,Graduate School of Science and Technology,Hirosaki,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146516829"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059719991","display_name":"Hiroshi Kikuchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Kikuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054298664","display_name":"Haruka Miyata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3808-9659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haruka Miyata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111247039","display_name":"R. Matsumoto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryuji Matsumoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073146256","display_name":"Takahiro Osawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4444-7958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takahiro Osawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085913139","display_name":"Sachiyo Murai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sachiyo Murai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090382073","display_name":"Toshiaki Shichinohe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6614-462X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshiaki Shichinohe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079624678","display_name":"Soichi Murakami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2227-9367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soichi Murakami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020949070","display_name":"Taku Senoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8531-1590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taku Senoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,Sapporo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,Sapporo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127307785","display_name":"Masahiko Watanabe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masahiko Watanabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127137674","display_name":"Atsushi Konno","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atsushi Konno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,Sapporo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,Sapporo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":22,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104233938"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45441653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1016","last_page":"1021"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.3776000142097473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.3776000142097473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.17679999768733978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.057100001722574234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laparoscopic-surgery","display_name":"Laparoscopic surgery","score":0.5454999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nephrectomy","display_name":"Nephrectomy","score":0.49709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadaveric-spasm","display_name":"Cadaveric spasm","score":0.47760000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/da-vinci-surgical-system","display_name":"Da Vinci Surgical System","score":0.47530001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4348999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-curve","display_name":"Learning curve","score":0.3734000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5861999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776111594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675754","display_name":"Laparoscopic surgery","level":3,"score":0.5454999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780227381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357376","display_name":"Nephrectomy","level":3,"score":0.49709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175696284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q986524","display_name":"Cadaveric spasm","level":2,"score":0.47760000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776774875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2323044","display_name":"Da Vinci Surgical System","level":3,"score":0.47530001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46790000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4348999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34585555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368723","display_name":"Learning curve","level":2,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775862295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660911","display_name":"Dissection (medical)","level":2,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776857766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832987","display_name":"Training system","level":2,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988501903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212809","display_name":"Endoscopic surgery","level":3,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019477240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755504","display_name":"Invasive surgery","level":2,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103203806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942348","display_name":"Robotic surgery","level":2,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778181360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074814","display_name":"Surgical instrument","level":2,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780047204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675754","display_name":"Laparoscopy","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777036941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6917771","display_name":"Motion analysis","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018608816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q195818","display_name":"Surgical simulation","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1776627","display_name":"Surgical planning","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sii64115.2026.11404609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sii64115.2026.11404609","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6864638924598694,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488207776","https://openalex.org/W2073725554","https://openalex.org/W2083070378","https://openalex.org/W2117357964","https://openalex.org/W2490534326","https://openalex.org/W2587204413","https://openalex.org/W2915423573","https://openalex.org/W3047040692","https://openalex.org/W4307930309","https://openalex.org/W4399997340","https://openalex.org/W4400617038"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"facilitate":[1],"efficient":[2],"laparoscopic":[3,85,137],"surgical":[4,16,27,34,63,229,251],"education,":[5],"a":[6,68],"system":[7,30,72,234,245],"was":[8,91,119,211],"developed":[9,233],"that":[10,217],"utilizes":[11],"machine":[12,56,176],"learning":[13,57,177],"to":[14,44,194,220,226,247],"classify":[15],"skill":[17,117,203,230,260],"levels\u2014novice,":[18],"intermediate,":[19],"and":[20,106,108,145,166,190,222,238,253],"expert\u2014based":[21],"on":[22,79,132],"the":[23,48,55,59,111,159,172],"motion":[24,69,161],"dynamics":[25],"of":[26,61,110,153,208,240,250],"instruments.":[28],"This":[29,244],"not":[31],"only":[32],"categorizes":[33],"proficiency":[35],"but":[36],"also":[37],"incorporates":[38],"SHAP,":[39],"an":[40],"Explainable":[41,254],"AI":[42],"technique,":[43],"provide":[45],"insights":[46],"into":[47,93,128,200],"rationale":[49],"behind":[50],"each":[51,123,164],"classification":[52,206],"result.":[53],"For":[54],"dataset,":[58],"movements":[60],"four":[62],"instruments":[64],"were":[65,126,156,169],"recorded":[66],"using":[67],"capture":[70],"(mocap)":[71],"during":[73],"total":[74,152],"nephrectomy":[75,89],"training":[76],"sessions":[77],"conducted":[78,170],"46":[80],"cadaveric":[81],"specimens":[82],"prepared":[83],"for":[84,122,163,197,259],"surgery.":[86],"The":[87,205,214,232],"entire":[88],"procedure":[90],"divided":[92],"three":[94,129,173,201],"distinct":[95,202],"processes:":[96],"colon":[97],"mobilization":[98],"(Process":[99,104,114],"1),":[100],"renal":[101],"vascular":[102],"dissection":[103],"2),":[105],"incision":[107],"removal":[109],"remaining":[112],"tissues":[113],"3).":[115],"Surgical":[116],"analysis":[118],"performed":[120],"separately":[121],"phase.":[124],"Surgeons":[125],"categorized":[127],"groups":[130],"based":[131],"their":[133],"prior":[134],"experience":[135],"with":[136],"procedures:":[138],"novices":[139],"(0\u20139":[140],"cases),":[141,144],"intermediates":[142],"(10\u201349":[143],"experts":[146],"(50":[147],"or":[148],"more":[149],"cases).":[150],"A":[151],"111":[154],"features":[155,218],"extracted":[157],"from":[158],"instrument":[160,242],"data":[162],"phase,":[165],"comparative":[167],"analyses":[168],"across":[171],"groups.":[174],"Multiple":[175],"approaches\u2014including":[178],"Support":[179],"Vector":[180],"Machine":[181],"(SVM),":[182],"Principal":[183],"Component":[184],"Analysis":[185],"followed":[186],"by":[187],"SVM":[188],"(PCA-SVM),":[189],"Random":[191],"Forest\u2014were":[192],"employed":[193],"develop":[195],"models":[196,210],"classifying":[198],"surgeons":[199],"levels.":[204,231],"performance":[207],"these":[209],"subsequently":[212],"validated.":[213],"results":[215],"revealed":[216],"related":[219],"efficiency":[221],"speed":[223],"significantly":[224],"contributed":[225],"differences":[227],"in":[228],"enables":[235],"quantitative":[236],"comparison":[237],"visualization":[239],"specific":[241],"characteristics.":[243],"contributes":[246],"intelligent":[248],"integration":[249],"education":[252],"AI,":[255],"providing":[256],"actionable":[257],"feedback":[258],"improvement.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2026-02-28T00:00:00"}
