{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1501472133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sas.2015.7133624","title":"Rapid non-contact relative permittivity measurement of fruits and vegetables using magnetic induction spectroscopy","display_name":"Rapid non-contact relative permittivity measurement of fruits and vegetables using magnetic induction spectroscopy","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1501472133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sas.2015.7133624","mag":"1501472133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sas.2015.7133624","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sas.2015.7133624","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024567377","display_name":"Michael O\u2019Toole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-7431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M D O'Toole","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040205278","display_name":"Liam A. Marsh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4302-7487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L A Marsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102770106","display_name":"John L. Davidson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9386-4611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J L Davidson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024443474","display_name":"Yee M Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y M Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070445788","display_name":"David Armitage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5677-0501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D W Armitage","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009569523","display_name":"Anthony Peyton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5740-348X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A J Peyton","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024567377"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2007,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56223459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11255","display_name":"Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permittivity","display_name":"Permittivity","score":0.8326905965805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-spectroscopy","display_name":"Dielectric spectroscopy","score":0.7890443801879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-permittivity","display_name":"Relative permittivity","score":0.778107762336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5848939418792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"Spectroscopy","score":0.5501809120178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.48407474160194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.47753679752349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-line","display_name":"Spectral line","score":0.4623793959617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.45208871364593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-induction","display_name":"Electromagnetic induction","score":0.44720402359962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dispersion","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","score":0.4384623169898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-magnetic-resonance","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","score":0.39966222643852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.32362180948257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2983049154281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2911694049835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.23666313290596008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.18817880749702454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.15296080708503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14785894751548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12756788730621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11636340618133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08961498737335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.0630151629447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.06268653273582458}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.8326905965805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7040849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899580","display_name":"Dielectric spectroscopy","level":4,"score":0.7890443801879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13760523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242","display_name":"Relative permittivity","level":4,"score":0.778107762336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5848939418792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5501809120178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.48407474160194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47753679752349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.4623793959617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.45208871364593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102130693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q988780","display_name":"Electromagnetic induction","level":3,"score":0.44720402359962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177562468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4384623169898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.39966222643852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.32362180948257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2983049154281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2911694049835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.23666313290596008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.18817880749702454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15296080708503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14785894751548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12756788730621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11636340618133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08961498737335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0630151629447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.06268653273582458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sas.2015.7133624","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sas.2015.7133624","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/4d3a71df-70d7-4c20-8062-446aea8c6df8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/4d3a71df-70d7-4c20-8062-446aea8c6df8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"O'Toole, M, Marsh, L A, Davidson, J L, Tan, Y M, Armitage, D & Peyton, A 2015, Rapid Non-Contact Relative Permittivity Measurement of Fruits and Vegetables using Magnetic Induction Spectroscopy. in 2015 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS) Proceedings. IEEE, USA, pp. 322-327, IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium, Zadar, Croatia, 13/04/15. < http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SAS.2015.7133624 >","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963949834","https://openalex.org/W1980391072","https://openalex.org/W2035635914","https://openalex.org/W2036484683","https://openalex.org/W2058871194","https://openalex.org/W2063935202","https://openalex.org/W2069472142","https://openalex.org/W2078688978","https://openalex.org/W2090338025","https://openalex.org/W2103741748","https://openalex.org/W2105169327","https://openalex.org/W2105799701","https://openalex.org/W2106347677","https://openalex.org/W2111530368","https://openalex.org/W2115067899","https://openalex.org/W2118167478","https://openalex.org/W2132205845","https://openalex.org/W2133586326","https://openalex.org/W2145486111","https://openalex.org/W2753544114","https://openalex.org/W4206855496","https://openalex.org/W6806650179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2107320019","https://openalex.org/W4391114742","https://openalex.org/W2905363763","https://openalex.org/W2313079490","https://openalex.org/W3091232865","https://openalex.org/W2333849723","https://openalex.org/W4238822153","https://openalex.org/W2068623945","https://openalex.org/W2600143927","https://openalex.org/W2521355531"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"characteristic":[1],"bio-impedance":[2,46],"spectra":[3,59],"of":[4,27,38,60,63,96],"a":[5,39,61,69],"biological":[6],"sample":[7,90],"can":[8],"provide":[9],"important":[10],"information":[11,20],"about":[12,21],"its":[13],"cellular":[14],"structure,":[15],"and":[16,24,48,65],"further,":[17],"infer":[18],"useful":[19],"the":[22,28,35,56,100,103],"physical":[23],"chemical":[25],"condition":[26],"sample.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31,52],"paper,":[32],"we":[33],"present":[34],"background":[36],"detail":[37],"magnetic":[40],"induction":[41],"spectroscopy":[42],"system":[43,53],"for":[44,88],"non-contact":[45],"measurements,":[47],"some":[49],"results":[50],"using":[51],"to":[54,75,82,86],"obtain":[55],"relative":[57],"permittivity":[58,79],"range":[62,71],"fruit":[64],"vegetable":[66],"samples,":[67],"over":[68],"frequency":[70,87],"from":[72],"160":[73],"kHz":[74],"2.5":[76],"MHz.":[77],"Relative":[78],"is":[80],"found":[81],"decrease":[83],"with":[84],"respect":[85],"each":[89],"tested.":[91],"This":[92],"shows":[93],"clear":[94],"evidence":[95],"dispersion":[97],"occurring":[98],"within":[99],"samples":[101],"across":[102],"investigated":[104],"bandwidth.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}