{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014339000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner48275.2020.9054857","title":"Detecting Code Clones with Graph Neural Network and Flow-Augmented Abstract Syntax Tree","display_name":"Detecting Code Clones with Graph Neural Network and Flow-Augmented Abstract Syntax Tree","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014339000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner48275.2020.9054857","mag":"3014339000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/saner48275.2020.9054857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner48275.2020.9054857","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 27th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026622910","display_name":"Wenhan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7178-8286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenhan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Software, EECS, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Software, EECS, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447682","display_name":"Ge Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5828-0186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Software, EECS, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Software, EECS, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036612380","display_name":"Bo Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5922-666X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Software, EECS, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Software, EECS, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006669765","display_name":"Xin Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6302-3256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049100391","display_name":"Zhi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1087-226X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Software, EECS, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Software, EECS, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026622910"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":46.4742,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":267,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99839409,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"261","last_page":"271"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8446429371833801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstract-syntax-tree","display_name":"Abstract syntax tree","score":0.6858631372451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5965026617050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5362749695777893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow","display_name":"Control flow","score":0.5323410630226135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow-graph","display_name":"Control flow graph","score":0.5255336165428162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5236365795135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4610739052295685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstract-syntax","display_name":"Abstract syntax","score":0.44558560848236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.42815542221069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.4241790473461151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.41911107301712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3813696503639221}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8446429371833801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58646249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127380","display_name":"Abstract syntax tree","level":3,"score":0.6858631372451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5965026617050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5362749695777893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160191386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868299","display_name":"Control flow","level":2,"score":0.5323410630226135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27458966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187693","display_name":"Control flow graph","level":2,"score":0.5255336165428162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5236365795135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4610739052295685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114408938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333373","display_name":"Abstract syntax","level":3,"score":0.44558560848236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.42815542221069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.4241790473461151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.41911107301712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3813696503639221}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/saner48275.2020.9054857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner48275.2020.9054857","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 27th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71795751","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W2065053490","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2128782367","https://openalex.org/W2298313545","https://openalex.org/W2511803001","https://openalex.org/W2606780347","https://openalex.org/W2741705590","https://openalex.org/W2767717989","https://openalex.org/W2804660315","https://openalex.org/W2807866521","https://openalex.org/W2808509424","https://openalex.org/W2899171197","https://openalex.org/W2905224888","https://openalex.org/W2918342466","https://openalex.org/W2942259124","https://openalex.org/W2950898568","https://openalex.org/W2955426500","https://openalex.org/W2963355447","https://openalex.org/W2963499994","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W2964205113","https://openalex.org/W3105535951","https://openalex.org/W4288419263","https://openalex.org/W6602989467","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6697318023","https://openalex.org/W6736685754","https://openalex.org/W6748654903","https://openalex.org/W6762003241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2138385884","https://openalex.org/W2077104824","https://openalex.org/W3176913510","https://openalex.org/W4389751695","https://openalex.org/W4310447811","https://openalex.org/W3012064729","https://openalex.org/W2388254906","https://openalex.org/W2955426500","https://openalex.org/W2786676889","https://openalex.org/W2320849189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Code":[0,227,240],"clones":[1,17,35,48,56],"are":[2,9,199],"semantically":[3],"similar":[4,11],"code":[5,16,34,73,103,123,190,211],"fragments":[6],"pairs":[7],"that":[8],"syntactically":[10],"or":[12],"different.":[13],"Detection":[14],"of":[15,24,32,42,122,150,178,189,210],"can":[18,115],"help":[19],"to":[20,68,76,85,185,202],"reduce":[21],"the":[22,119,187,200,208,234],"cost":[23],"software":[25],"maintenance":[26],"and":[27,49,98,132,138,168,218,229,242],"prevent":[28],"bugs.":[29],"Numerous":[30],"approaches":[31,90,113,236],"detecting":[33,46],"have":[36,66,196],"been":[37],"proposed":[38],"previously,":[39],"but":[40],"most":[41],"them":[43],"focus":[44],"on":[45,54,102,183,207,222,237],"syntactic":[47,59],"do":[50],"not":[51,116],"work":[52],"well":[53],"semantic":[55,63,80,126],"with":[57,165],"different":[58,176],"features.":[60],"To":[61,135],"detect":[62],"clones,":[64],"researchers":[65],"tried":[67],"adopt":[69],"deep":[70],"learning":[71],"for":[72],"clone":[74,104,212],"detection":[75],"automatically":[77],"learn":[78],"latent":[79],"features":[81],"from":[82],"data.":[83],"Especially,":[84],"leverage":[86,118,136],"grammar":[87],"information,":[88,141],"several":[89],"used":[91],"abstract":[92,154],"syntax":[93,155],"trees":[94],"(AST)":[95],"as":[96,129,194],"input":[97],"achieved":[99],"significant":[100],"progress":[101],"benchmarks":[105],"in":[106,142],"various":[107],"programming":[108],"languages.":[109],"However,":[110],"these":[111],"AST-based":[112],"still":[114],"fully":[117],"structural":[120],"information":[121,127],"fragments,":[124],"especially":[125],"such":[128],"control":[130,137,167],"flow":[131,140,170],"data":[133,139,169],"flow.":[134],"this":[143],"paper,":[144],"we":[145,173,195,198],"build":[146],"a":[147],"graph":[148,179,204,219],"representation":[149],"programs":[151],"called":[152],"flow-augmented":[153],"tree":[156],"(FA-AST).":[157],"We":[158,214],"construct":[159],"FA-AST":[160,184,217],"by":[161],"augmenting":[162],"original":[163],"ASTs":[164],"explicit":[166],"edges.":[171],"Then":[172],"apply":[174,203,215],"two":[175,223],"types":[177],"neural":[180,205,220],"networks":[181,206,221],"(GNN)":[182],"measure":[186],"similarity":[188],"pairs.":[191],"As":[192],"far":[193],"concerned,":[197],"first":[201],"domain":[209],"detection.":[213],"our":[216],"Java":[224],"datasets:":[225],"Google":[226,239],"Jam":[228,241],"BigCloneBench.":[230],"Our":[231],"approach":[232],"outperforms":[233],"state-of-the-art":[235],"both":[238],"BigCloneBench":[243],"tasks.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-22T08:38:42.863108","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}