{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014596957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner48275.2020.9054798","title":"Clone Detection in Test Code: An Empirical Evaluation","display_name":"Clone Detection in Test Code: An Empirical Evaluation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014596957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner48275.2020.9054798","mag":"3014596957"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/saner48275.2020.9054798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner48275.2020.9054798","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 27th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/Clone_Detection_in_Test_Code_An_Empirical_Evaluation/11534904","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004435516","display_name":"Brent van Bladel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brent van Bladel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Antwerp, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072137882","display_name":"Serge Demeyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4463-2945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116480","display_name":"Flanders Make (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ndjfz59","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serge Demeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Flanders Make vzw, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flanders Make vzw, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004435516"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9359,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92513781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"492","last_page":"500"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clone","display_name":"clone (Java method)","score":0.6529538035392761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6067583560943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5694540143013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-coverage","display_name":"Code coverage","score":0.5190854072570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.5016553401947021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-comprehension","display_name":"Program comprehension","score":0.49901580810546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-maintenance","display_name":"Software maintenance","score":0.4957081079483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4796367287635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-review","display_name":"Code review","score":0.4158782362937927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3360292911529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.32028812170028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.24264666438102722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.17358967661857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.16752740740776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.1432863473892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.13222715258598328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna","display_name":"DNA","score":0.10169655084609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.08396732807159424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81089528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5134986","display_name":"clone (Java method)","level":3,"score":0.6529538035392761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6067583560943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5694540143013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53942775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1211721","display_name":"Code coverage","level":3,"score":0.5190854072570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5016553401947021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.49901580810546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101317890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940053","display_name":"Software maintenance","level":4,"score":0.4957081079483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4796367287635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150292731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342704","display_name":"Code review","level":5,"score":0.4158782362937927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3360292911529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.32028812170028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.24264666438102722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.17358967661857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.16752740740776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.1432863473892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.13222715258598328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.10169655084609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.08396732807159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/saner48275.2020.9054798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner48275.2020.9054798","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 27th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/11534904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/Clone_Detection_in_Test_Code_An_Empirical_Evaluation/11534904","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.11534904.v2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11534904.v2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/11534904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/Clone_Detection_in_Test_Code_An_Empirical_Evaluation/11534904","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313144","display_name":"ITEA","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319799","display_name":"Flanders Make","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","display_name":"VINNOVA","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd5m353"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3014596957.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3014596957.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38316647","https://openalex.org/W78252639","https://openalex.org/W562389723","https://openalex.org/W1541128807","https://openalex.org/W1564363189","https://openalex.org/W1593203335","https://openalex.org/W1857184435","https://openalex.org/W2003148182","https://openalex.org/W2042810823","https://openalex.org/W2066455950","https://openalex.org/W2096491586","https://openalex.org/W2101832700","https://openalex.org/W2120322286","https://openalex.org/W2120326119","https://openalex.org/W2128782367","https://openalex.org/W2128888088","https://openalex.org/W2136099030","https://openalex.org/W2138756793","https://openalex.org/W2157532207","https://openalex.org/W2162436321","https://openalex.org/W2163736745","https://openalex.org/W2165739648","https://openalex.org/W2166278331","https://openalex.org/W2772141859","https://openalex.org/W2796141603","https://openalex.org/W2887547496","https://openalex.org/W2922107377","https://openalex.org/W3143245542","https://openalex.org/W4254149967","https://openalex.org/W6615616090","https://openalex.org/W6638928880"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2122804569","https://openalex.org/W2765394967","https://openalex.org/W2164913793","https://openalex.org/W2240979497","https://openalex.org/W2025599150","https://openalex.org/W2344367508","https://openalex.org/W2094595170","https://openalex.org/W3045672658","https://openalex.org/W3135060008","https://openalex.org/W2142991486"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Duplicated":[0],"test":[1,4,12,22,49,71,83,93,133],"code":[2,5,23,72,84,94],"(a.k.a.":[3],"clones)":[6],"has":[7],"a":[8],"negative":[9],"impact":[10],"on":[11,35,44,132],"comprehension":[13],"and":[14,38,91],"maintenance.":[15],"Moreover,":[16],"the":[17,28,70,80,102],"typical":[18],"structure":[19],"of":[20,30,73,82,101],"unit":[21],"induces":[24],"structural":[25],"similarity,":[26],"increasing":[27],"amount":[29],"duplication.":[31,95],"Yet,":[32],"most":[33,100],"research":[34,131],"software":[36],"clones":[37],"clone":[39,62,134],"detection":[40,63,135],"tools":[41,64,103],"is":[42,136],"focused":[43],"production":[45],"code,":[46],"often":[47],"ignoring":[48],"code.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52,56],"paper":[53],"we":[54,87],"fill":[55],"gap":[57],"by":[58],"comparing":[59],"four":[60],"different":[61],"(NiCad,":[65],"CPD,":[66],"iClones,":[67],"TCORE)":[68],"against":[69],"three":[74],"open-source":[75],"projects.":[76],"Our":[77],"analysis":[78],"confirms":[79],"prevalence":[81],"clones,":[85],"as":[86],"observed":[88],"between":[89],"23%":[90],"29%":[92],"We":[96],"also":[97],"show":[98],"that":[99,129],"suffer":[104],"from":[105],"false":[106],"negatives":[107],"(NiCad":[108],"=":[109,112,115,118],"83%,":[110],"CPD":[111],"84%,":[113],"iClones":[114],"21%,":[116],"TCORE":[117],"65%),":[119],"which":[120],"leaves":[121],"ample":[122],"room":[123],"for":[124],"improvement.":[125],"These":[126],"results":[127],"indicate":[128],"further":[130],"warranted.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-25T23:00:34.991745","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}