{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417132308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner-c66551.2025.00008","title":"Contextual Fairness-Aware Practices in ML: A Cost-Effective Empirical Evaluation","display_name":"Contextual Fairness-Aware Practices in ML: A Cost-Effective Empirical Evaluation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417132308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner-c66551.2025.00008"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/saner-c66551.2025.00008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner-c66551.2025.00008","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering - Companion (SANER-C)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117359450","display_name":"Alessandra Parziale","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alessandra Parziale","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salerno,Software Engineering (SeSa) Lab,Department of Computer Science,Salerno,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salerno,Software Engineering (SeSa) Lab,Department of Computer Science,Salerno,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006281355","display_name":"Gianmario Voria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5394-8148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianmario Voria","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salerno,Software Engineering (SeSa) Lab,Department of Computer Science,Salerno,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salerno,Software Engineering (SeSa) Lab,Department of Computer Science,Salerno,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025181054","display_name":"Giammaria Giordano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2567-440X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giammaria Giordano","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salerno,Software Engineering (SeSa) Lab,Department of Computer Science,Salerno,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salerno,Software Engineering (SeSa) Lab,Department of Computer Science,Salerno,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014169292","display_name":"Gemma Catolino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4689-3401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gemma Catolino","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salerno,Software Engineering (SeSa) Lab,Department of Computer Science,Salerno,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salerno,Software Engineering (SeSa) Lab,Department of Computer Science,Salerno,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117359451","display_name":"Gregorio Robles","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregorio Robles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Rey Juan Carlos,Madrid,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033738898","display_name":"Fabio Palomba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9337-5116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Palomba","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salerno,Software Engineering (SeSa) Lab,Department of Computer Science,Salerno,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salerno,Software Engineering (SeSa) Lab,Department of Computer Science,Salerno,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5117359450"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40917389,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9416999816894531,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9416999816894531,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5641999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4884999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/best-practice","display_name":"Best practice","score":0.4011000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raising","display_name":"Raising (metalworking)","score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation-methods","display_name":"Evaluation methods","score":0.2946000099182129}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5641999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4884999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.45989999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.40630000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.4011000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.37439998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780589192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7285140","display_name":"Raising (metalworking)","level":2,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018395757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379672","display_name":"Evaluation methods","level":2,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11867375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5430671","display_name":"Fairness measure","level":4,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5395021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061410","display_name":"Program evaluation","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2583000063896179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/saner-c66551.2025.00008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner-c66551.2025.00008","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering - Companion (SANER-C)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116984840","https://openalex.org/W2130486630","https://openalex.org/W2161336914","https://openalex.org/W2477055106","https://openalex.org/W2730550703","https://openalex.org/W2809701591","https://openalex.org/W2913771223","https://openalex.org/W2963116854","https://openalex.org/W2967682612","https://openalex.org/W2970021049","https://openalex.org/W3002398329","https://openalex.org/W3005784127","https://openalex.org/W3016478929","https://openalex.org/W3027373771","https://openalex.org/W3035671939","https://openalex.org/W3046220160","https://openalex.org/W3136620301","https://openalex.org/W3165292502","https://openalex.org/W3166873126","https://openalex.org/W3181414820","https://openalex.org/W3194588521","https://openalex.org/W3208528803","https://openalex.org/W4200364340","https://openalex.org/W4210736086","https://openalex.org/W4214835294","https://openalex.org/W4220891756","https://openalex.org/W4233415207","https://openalex.org/W4249616221","https://openalex.org/W4285011350","https://openalex.org/W4291213652","https://openalex.org/W4294084767","https://openalex.org/W4296186062","https://openalex.org/W4308643061","https://openalex.org/W4316038168","https://openalex.org/W4319736227","https://openalex.org/W4388229648","https://openalex.org/W4391903909","https://openalex.org/W4394769107","https://openalex.org/W4408251959","https://openalex.org/W4410773810"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"machine":[1],"learning":[2],"(ML)":[3],"systems":[4],"become":[5],"central":[6],"to":[7,163],"critical":[8],"decision-making,":[9],"concerns":[10],"over":[11],"fairness":[12,34,73,129,141,172],"and":[13,111,143],"potential":[14,144],"biases":[15],"have":[16,60],"increased.":[17],"To":[18],"address":[19],"this,":[20],"the":[21,67,97,138,155,178],"software":[22],"engineering":[23,48],"(SE)":[24],"field":[25],"has":[26],"introduced":[27],"bias":[28,85],"mitigation":[29,86],"techniques":[30],"aimed":[31],"at":[32,38],"enhancing":[33],"in":[35,121,167],"ML":[36,47,68,182],"models":[37],"various":[39,122],"stages.":[40],"Additionally,":[41],"recent":[42],"research":[43,161],"suggests":[44],"that":[45,170],"standard":[46],"practices":[49,106,119,169],"can":[50],"also":[51],"improve":[52],"fairness;":[53],"these":[54,118],"practices,":[55,59],"known":[56],"as":[57],"fairness-aware":[58,105,158],"been":[61],"cataloged":[62],"across":[63],"each":[64],"stage":[65],"of":[66,157,180],"development":[69,179],"life":[70],"cycle.":[71],"However,":[72],"remains":[74],"context-dependent,":[75],"with":[76,173],"different":[77],"domains":[78],"requiring":[79],"customized":[80],"solutions.":[81],"Furthermore,":[82],"existing":[83],"specific":[84,128],"methods":[87],"may":[88],"sometimes":[89],"degrade":[90],"model":[91],"performance,":[92],"raising":[93],"ongoing":[94],"discussions":[95],"about":[96],"trade-offs":[98],"involved.In":[99],"this":[100],"paper,":[101],"we":[102],"empirically":[103],"investigate":[104],"from":[107],"two":[108],"perspectives:":[109],"contextual":[110,114],"cost-effectiveness.":[112],"The":[113,134],"evaluation":[115,136],"explores":[116],"how":[117,152],"perform":[120],"application":[123],"domains,":[124],"identifying":[125],"areas":[126],"where":[127],"adjustments":[130],"are":[131],"particularly":[132],"effective.":[133],"cost-effectiveness":[135],"considers":[137],"trade-off":[139],"between":[140],"improvements":[142],"performance":[145,175],"costs.":[146],"Our":[147],"findings":[148],"provide":[149],"insights":[150],"into":[151],"context":[153],"influences":[154],"effectiveness":[156],"practices.":[159],"This":[160],"aims":[162],"guide":[164],"SE":[165],"practitioners":[166],"selecting":[168],"achieve":[171],"minimal":[174],"costs,":[176],"supporting":[177],"ethical":[181],"systems.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00"}