{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382204651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saci58269.2023.10158562","title":"Public Key Infrastructure in the Post-Quantum Era","display_name":"Public Key Infrastructure in the Post-Quantum Era","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382204651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saci58269.2023.10158562"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/saci58269.2023.10158562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saci58269.2023.10158562","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics (SACI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092276500","display_name":"Fruzsina Bene","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5062-0708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106118109","display_name":"E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jsq2704","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106118109"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fruzsina Bene","raw_affiliation_strings":["ELTE Eötvös Loránd University,Department of Information Systems,Budapest,Hungary,1117"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ELTE Eötvös Loránd University,Department of Information Systems,Budapest,Hungary,1117","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106118109"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006085913","display_name":"Attila Kiss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8174-6194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106118109","display_name":"E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jsq2704","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106118109"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Attila Kiss","raw_affiliation_strings":["ELTE Eötvös Loránd University,Department of Information Systems,Budapest,Hungary,1117"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ELTE Eötvös Loránd University,Department of Information Systems,Budapest,Hungary,1117","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106118109"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092276500"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106118109"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1096,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89567701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"000077","last_page":"000082"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","score":0.732993483543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-infrastructure","display_name":"Public key infrastructure","score":0.6712698340415955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.658243715763092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6555882096290588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6164678335189819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","score":0.4870045781135559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4718501567840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.44775599241256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4413769543170929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.429055780172348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.41121500730514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.39890462160110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.3900850713253021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.3214229941368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11624497175216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.0886755883693695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.732993483543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72648740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658476","display_name":"Public key infrastructure","level":4,"score":0.6712698340415955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.658243715763092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6555882096290588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6164678335189819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.4870045781135559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4718501567840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.44775599241256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4413769543170929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.429055780172348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.41121500730514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.39890462160110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3900850713253021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.3214229941368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11624497175216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0886755883693695}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/saci58269.2023.10158562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saci58269.2023.10158562","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics (SACI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490394993","https://openalex.org/W1754939103","https://openalex.org/W1870741405","https://openalex.org/W1882598960","https://openalex.org/W2013613544","https://openalex.org/W2071825329","https://openalex.org/W2111816087","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2350778671","https://openalex.org/W2476715014","https://openalex.org/W2620573213","https://openalex.org/W2767399671","https://openalex.org/W2778213072","https://openalex.org/W2795756129","https://openalex.org/W2866028610","https://openalex.org/W2912133665","https://openalex.org/W2955702005","https://openalex.org/W3023478445","https://openalex.org/W3159864169","https://openalex.org/W3196921598","https://openalex.org/W4226075590","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4390865640","https://openalex.org/W6668387570","https://openalex.org/W7060978702"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312132309","https://openalex.org/W2916069885","https://openalex.org/W4221147165","https://openalex.org/W4240944159","https://openalex.org/W2147369345","https://openalex.org/W4321151520","https://openalex.org/W4384158840","https://openalex.org/W2105140999","https://openalex.org/W2903657089","https://openalex.org/W3217264812"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,5,19,50,57,66,129,139],"last":[2],"few":[3],"years":[4],"threat":[6,140],"of":[7,18,34,59,70,131,141],"quantum":[8,20,38,60,135,142],"computers":[9,21,61],"has":[10],"become":[11],"bigger":[12],"and":[13,87,134,138,153],"bigger.":[14],"The":[15,32,104],"fast":[16],"computing":[17,143],"puts":[22],"everything":[23],"in":[24,91,126,151],"danger":[25],"that":[26,65,98,108],"relies":[27,82],"on":[28,83],"classical":[29,132],"cryptographic":[30,85,113],"algorithms.":[31],"question":[33],"when":[35],"a":[36,159],"large-scale":[37],"computer":[39],"will":[40,62,74,100],"be":[41,44,75,101],"built":[42],"cannot":[43],"exactly":[45],"answered":[46],"yet.":[47],"According":[48],"to":[49,106,110,115],"Cloud":[51],"Security":[52],"Alliance":[53],"at":[54],"around":[55],"2030":[56],"power":[58],"increase":[63],"so":[64],"risk":[67],"for":[68,144,158],"exposure":[69],"traditionally":[71],"encrypted":[72],"data":[73],"very":[76],"high.":[77],"PKI":[78,133,161],"(Public":[79],"Key":[80],"Infrastructure)":[81],"asymmetric":[84],"algorithms":[86,114,118],"is":[88,96,109],"widely":[89],"used":[90],"many":[92],"fields.":[93],"So":[94],"it":[95,99],"important":[97],"completely":[102],"safe.":[103],"way":[105],"provide":[107],"change":[111],"traditional":[112],"post-quantum":[116],"cryptography":[117,136],"or":[119],"hybrid":[120],"solutions.":[121],"To":[122],"this,":[123],"we":[124],"review":[125],"this":[127],"paper":[128],"basics":[130],"methods":[137],"PKI.":[145],"We":[146],"present":[147],"quantum-safe":[148],"solutions":[149,157],"already":[150],"use":[152],"recommend":[154],"new,":[155],"well-performing":[156],"quantum-resistant":[160],"by":[162],"comparison.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}