{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1538992002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtas.2015.7108434","title":"SPeCK: a kernel for scalable predictability","display_name":"SPeCK: a kernel for scalable predictability","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1538992002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtas.2015.7108434","mag":"1538992002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/rtas.2015.7108434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtas.2015.7108434","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"21st IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341181","display_name":"Qi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5525-5260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The George Washington University, Washington, DC","The George Washington University Washington, DC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The George Washington University, Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The George Washington University Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062118527","display_name":"Yuxin Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2678-9225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["The George Washington University, Washington, DC","The George Washington University Washington, DC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The George Washington University, Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The George Washington University Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069808376","display_name":"Matt Scaperoth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Scaperoth","raw_affiliation_strings":["The George Washington University, Washington, DC","The George Washington University Washington, DC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The George Washington University, Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The George Washington University Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026572895","display_name":"Gabriel Parmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1343-4492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Parmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["The George Washington University, Washington, DC","The George Washington University Washington, DC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The George Washington University, Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The George Washington University Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"121","last_page":"132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictability","display_name":"Predictability","score":0.9167352914810181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8233844041824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7540132999420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5982173085212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5891358852386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.5013458728790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lock","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","score":0.46266603469848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4603244364261627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isolation","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","score":0.4308546185493469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.30318450927734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2658724784851074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.9167352914810181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8233844041824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7540132999420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5982173085212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5891358852386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.5013458728790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174839445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134386","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","level":2,"score":0.46266603469848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4603244364261627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.4308546185493469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.30318450927734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2658724784851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/rtas.2015.7108434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtas.2015.7108434","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"21st IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W176356420","https://openalex.org/W190062532","https://openalex.org/W1557386661","https://openalex.org/W1970059233","https://openalex.org/W1981588964","https://openalex.org/W1988597627","https://openalex.org/W2018983843","https://openalex.org/W2031844067","https://openalex.org/W2071515131","https://openalex.org/W2096394899","https://openalex.org/W2102543323","https://openalex.org/W2105420251","https://openalex.org/W2117590013","https://openalex.org/W2141844192","https://openalex.org/W2163283745","https://openalex.org/W2168075869","https://openalex.org/W2170089757","https://openalex.org/W2341153228","https://openalex.org/W6607203013","https://openalex.org/W6633204717","https://openalex.org/W6645901768","https://openalex.org/W6668547742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2726467123","https://openalex.org/W2064726690","https://openalex.org/W4252678288","https://openalex.org/W4254065731","https://openalex.org/W1607297154","https://openalex.org/W4210820789","https://openalex.org/W4237782192","https://openalex.org/W2913177154","https://openalex.org/W4235131201","https://openalex.org/W2074886298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-":[0],"and":[1,16,132],"many-core":[2],"systems":[3,34],"are":[4,18],"increasingly":[5],"prevalent":[6],"in":[7,20,114],"embedded":[8],"systems.":[9,32],"Additionally,":[10],"isolation":[11],"requirements":[12],"between":[13],"different":[14],"partitions":[15],"criticalities":[17],"gaining":[19],"importance.":[21],"This":[22],"difficult":[23],"combination":[24],"is":[25],"not":[26],"well":[27],"addressed":[28],"by":[29,43],"current":[30],"software":[31],"Parallel":[33],"require":[35],"consistency":[36],"guarantees":[37],"on":[38,105],"shared":[39,61],"data-structures":[40],"often":[41],"provided":[42],"locks":[44],"that":[45,90],"use":[46],"predictable":[47],"resource":[48],"sharing":[49],"protocols.":[50],"However,":[51],"as":[52],"the":[53,65,80,83],"number":[54],"of":[55,79,86,97],"cores":[56],"increase,":[57],"even":[58],"a":[59,76,94,106,121,137],"single":[60,107],"cache-line":[62],"(e.g.":[63],"for":[64],"lock)":[66],"can":[67],"cause":[68],"significant":[69],"interference.":[70],"In":[71],"this":[72],"paper,":[73],"we":[74],"present":[75],"clean-slate":[77],"design":[78],"SPeCK":[81],"kernel,":[82,123],"next":[84],"generation":[85],"our":[87],"COMPOSITE":[88],"OS,":[89],"attempts":[91],"to":[92],"provide":[93],"strong":[95,126],"version":[96],"scalable":[98,127],"predictability":[99,102],"-":[100],"where":[101],"bounds":[103],"made":[104],"core,":[108],"remain":[109],"constant":[110],"with":[111],"an":[112],"increase":[113],"cores.":[115],"Results":[116],"show":[117],"that,":[118],"despite":[119],"using":[120],"non-preemptive":[122],"it":[124],"has":[125],"predictability,":[128],"low":[129],"average-case":[130],"overheads,":[131],"demonstrates":[133],"better":[134],"response-times":[135],"than":[136],"state-of-the-art":[138],"preemptive":[139],"system.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}