{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2170615370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roman.2006.314436","title":"Evaluation of Passing Distance for Social Robots","display_name":"Evaluation of Passing Distance for Social Robots","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2170615370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roman.2006.314436","mag":"2170615370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/roman.2006.314436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roman.2006.314436","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://repository.gatech.edu/bitstreams/d5d8ed3c-f3c8-449c-abaa-b6a09e83ddbd/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084104523","display_name":"Elena Pacchierotti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Pacchierotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Autonomous Systems, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Autonomous Systems, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066237365","display_name":"Henrik I. Christensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7465-7502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henrik Christensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Autonomous Systems, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Autonomous Systems, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028082686","display_name":"Patric Jensfelt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1170-7162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patric Jensfelt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Autonomous Systems, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Autonomous Systems, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9756,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":169,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96002024,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"315","last_page":"320"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxemics","display_name":"Proxemics","score":0.9953397512435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7077814340591431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/casual","display_name":"Casual","score":0.6732174754142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6507603526115417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6060640811920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.5430585145950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.520271360874176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.5180842876434326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-space","display_name":"Personal space","score":0.42353183031082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4169672727584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.41401407122612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33017122745513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19845479726791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1619366705417633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.15719327330589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.14066031575202942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.13305354118347168}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170334801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171755","display_name":"Proxemics","level":2,"score":0.9953397512435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7077814340591431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2275793","display_name":"Casual","level":2,"score":0.6732174754142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6507603526115417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6060640811920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5430585145950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.520271360874176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.5180842876434326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190835381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171755","display_name":"Personal space","level":2,"score":0.42353183031082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4169672727584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41401407122612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33017122745513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19845479726791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1619366705417633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15719327330589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14066031575202942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.13305354118347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/roman.2006.314436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roman.2006.314436","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:smartech.gatech.edu:1853/37968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37968","pdf_url":"http://repository.gatech.edu/bitstreams/d5d8ed3c-f3c8-449c-abaa-b6a09e83ddbd/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196313","display_name":"SMARTech Repository (Georgia Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","host_organization_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.397.2033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.397.2033","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.nada.kth.se/~patric/publications/roman06-elena.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.65.8188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.65.8188","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.nada.kth.se/~hic/hic-papers/roman06-pacchierotti-final.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:smartech.gatech.edu:1853/37968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37968","pdf_url":"http://repository.gatech.edu/bitstreams/d5d8ed3c-f3c8-449c-abaa-b6a09e83ddbd/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196313","display_name":"SMARTech Repository (Georgia Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","host_organization_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320940","display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r\u00a0Strategisk Forskning","ror":"https://ror.org/044wr7g58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2170615370.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2170615370.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543237373","https://openalex.org/W1559267142","https://openalex.org/W1944683069","https://openalex.org/W2026000422","https://openalex.org/W2113587925","https://openalex.org/W2115840506","https://openalex.org/W2119242513","https://openalex.org/W2126749722","https://openalex.org/W2135972998","https://openalex.org/W2158413333","https://openalex.org/W2159408972","https://openalex.org/W2161491286","https://openalex.org/W2165852544","https://openalex.org/W6633556552","https://openalex.org/W6640683473"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250066188","https://openalex.org/W73250830","https://openalex.org/W3081732459","https://openalex.org/W2141548778","https://openalex.org/W1975562898","https://openalex.org/W4230503518","https://openalex.org/W1597172918","https://openalex.org/W2905097392","https://openalex.org/W2743233168","https://openalex.org/W839752635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Casual":[0],"encounters":[1,79],"with":[2,80],"mobile":[3],"robots":[4],"for":[5,66,78],"nonexperts":[6],"can":[7],"be":[8,119],"a":[9,33,45,57,68,81,84,102,115],"challenge":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,31,48,60],"lack":[13],"of":[14,42,96,112],"an":[15],"interaction":[16],"model.":[17],"The":[18,87],"present":[19],"work":[20],"is":[21,44,98,106,114],"based":[22],"on":[23],"the":[24,39,62,93],"rules":[25],"from":[26],"proxemics":[27,77],"which":[28],"are":[29],"used":[30,55],"design":[32,65],"passing":[34],"strategy.":[35],"In":[36,70],"narrow":[37],"corridors":[38],"lateral":[40],"distance":[41],"passage":[43],"key":[46],"parameter":[47],"consider.":[49],"An":[50],"implemented":[51],"system":[52],"has":[53],"been":[54],"in":[56,76,83],"small":[58],"study":[59],"verify":[61],"basic":[63],"parametric":[64],"such":[67],"system.":[69],"total":[71],"10":[72],"subjects":[73],"evaluated":[74],"variations":[75],"robot":[82],"corridor":[85],"setting.":[86],"user":[88],"feedback":[89],"indicates":[90],"that":[91,117],"entering":[92],"intimate":[94],"sphere":[95],"people":[97],"less":[99],"comfortable,":[100],"however":[101],"too":[103],"significant":[104],"avoidance":[105,113],"also":[107],"considered":[108],"unnecessary.":[109],"Adequate":[110],"signaling":[111],"behaviour":[116],"must":[118],"carefully":[120],"tuned":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
