{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308094307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roedunet57163.2022.9921011","title":"Bootstrapping Road Sign Detection for Self-Driving Cars using Weakly-Supervised Learning","display_name":"Bootstrapping Road Sign Detection for Self-Driving Cars using Weakly-Supervised Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308094307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roedunet57163.2022.9921011"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/roedunet57163.2022.9921011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roedunet57163.2022.9921011","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 21st RoEduNet Conference: Networking in Education and Research (RoEduNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060791947","display_name":"Costin Rachieru","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Costin Rachieru","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Politehnica of Bucharest"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Politehnica of Bucharest","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070209606","display_name":"Adrian Cosma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0307-2520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Cosma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Politehnica of Bucharest"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Politehnica of Bucharest","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006093696","display_name":"Emilian R\u01cedoi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1177-5288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emilian Radoi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Politehnica of Bucharest"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Politehnica of Bucharest","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060791947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10203131,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.808073103427887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.5960359573364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bootstrapping","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","score":0.5274291634559631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign-recognition","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","score":0.4774249792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.46267077326774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laptop","display_name":"Laptop","score":0.445701539516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4423840641975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.413105309009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign","display_name":"Traffic sign","score":0.4060928225517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3388313055038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3255308270454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.17300859093666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.15378504991531372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11715373396873474}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.808073103427887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.5960359573364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207609745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4944086","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5274291634559631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6528762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574298","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","level":4,"score":0.4774249792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.46267077326774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780008327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3962","display_name":"Laptop","level":2,"score":0.445701539516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4423840641975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.413105309009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983860417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170285","display_name":"Traffic sign","level":3,"score":0.4060928225517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3388313055038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3255308270454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.17300859093666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15378504991531372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11715373396873474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/roedunet57163.2022.9921011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roedunet57163.2022.9921011","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 21st RoEduNet Conference: Networking in Education and Research (RoEduNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382897155","https://openalex.org/W4283820116","https://openalex.org/W4379231512","https://openalex.org/W4378699879","https://openalex.org/W3128164723","https://openalex.org/W4286647459","https://openalex.org/W2899819381","https://openalex.org/W2557202782","https://openalex.org/W3215426395","https://openalex.org/W4382176313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"the":[1,5,10,21,33,51,76,158,164,177],"escalating":[2],"trend":[3],"in":[4,23,42,109,163,187],"number":[6],"of":[7,35,50,53,90,117,179],"cars":[8],"on":[9,132],"public":[11],"roads,":[12],"advanced":[13],"autonomous":[14,181],"driver-assistance":[15],"systems":[16],"become":[17],"more":[18],"accessible":[19],"to":[20,25,95,160],"masses":[22],"order":[24],"keep":[26],"safe":[27],"traffic":[28,36],"participants.":[29],"This":[30],"work":[31],"addresses":[32],"problem":[34],"signs":[37],"detection":[38,57],"constrained":[39],"by":[40,79],"running":[41],"a":[43,54,62,84,101,113,138,153],"minimal":[44],"embedded":[45,134],"platform.":[46],"Our":[47,146],"solution":[48,150],"consists":[49],"generation":[52],"synthetic":[55],"object":[56],"dataset":[58],"using":[59,80],"CARLA":[60],"Simulator,":[61],"popular":[63],"self-driving":[64,155],"car":[65,156],"virtual":[66],"environment,":[67],"enhancing":[68],"it":[69],"with":[70,124],"image":[71],"augmentation":[72],"policies":[73],"and":[74,99],"bootstrapping":[75],"model":[77,85,105,121],"performance":[78],"knowledge":[81],"distillation":[82],"from":[83],"ensemble.":[86],"We":[87],"make":[88],"use":[89],"modern":[91],"weakly":[92],"supervised":[93],"techniques":[94],"minimize":[96],"labelling":[97],"noise":[98],"achieve":[100],"fast,":[102],"predictive,":[103],"high-precision":[104],"that":[106,136,151,175],"performs":[107],"well":[108],"real-life":[110,189],"scenarios,":[111],"having":[112],"mean":[114],"average":[115],"precision":[116],"over":[118],"53%.":[119],"The":[120],"is":[122],"integrated":[123],"ease":[125],"into":[126],"real-time":[127],"applications":[128],"achieving":[129],"19":[130],"FPS":[131],"our":[133],"platform":[135],"uses":[137],"small":[139],"size":[140],"Coral":[141],"Edge":[142],"TPU":[143],"USB":[144],"Accelerator.":[145],"proposed":[147],"computer":[148],"vision":[149],"powered":[152],"scaled":[154,185],"enabled":[157],"team":[159],"rank":[161],"third":[162],"Bosch":[165],"Future":[166],"Mobility":[167],"Challenge":[168],"2022,":[169],"an":[170],"IEEE":[171],"ITSS":[172],"certified":[173],"contest":[174],"encourages":[176],"development":[178],"complete":[180],"driving":[182],"solutions":[183],"for":[184],"vehicles":[186],"controlled":[188],"scenarios.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
