{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415124377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rew66121.2025.00073","title":"Safe Experimentation with LLM-Controlled UAVs: An Agile Systems Engineering Approach to Requirements Development for Autonomous Systems","display_name":"Safe Experimentation with LLM-Controlled UAVs: An Agile Systems Engineering Approach to Requirements Development for Autonomous Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415124377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rew66121.2025.00073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/rew66121.2025.00073","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rew66121.2025.00073","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 33rd International Requirements Engineering Conference Workshops (REW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080164741","display_name":"Matthew Harris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0005-9710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108111","display_name":"Land Sea Air Autonomy (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01em2a424","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108111"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["SAIF Autonomy,London,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAIF Autonomy,London,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dewi Madden","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108111","display_name":"Land Sea Air Autonomy (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01em2a424","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108111"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dewi Madden","raw_affiliation_strings":["SAIF Autonomy,London,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAIF Autonomy,London,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108111"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059462238","display_name":"Kyle J. Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9961-6627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108111","display_name":"Land Sea Air Autonomy (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01em2a424","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108111"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyle Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["SAIF Autonomy,London,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAIF Autonomy,London,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108111"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108111"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39046549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"484","last_page":"493"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9312000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9312000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agile-software-development","display_name":"Agile software development","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-analysis","display_name":"Requirements analysis","score":0.5507000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.491100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-management","display_name":"Requirements management","score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-engineering","display_name":"Requirements engineering","score":0.38440001010894775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14185376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30232","display_name":"Agile software development","level":2,"score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.5874000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59488412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187147","display_name":"Requirements analysis","level":3,"score":0.5507000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5083000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.491100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.39739999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173577280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q530038","display_name":"Requirements management","level":4,"score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6604083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376937","display_name":"Requirements engineering","level":3,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87912763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663737","display_name":"System of systems","level":3,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780395129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128971","display_name":"Rapid prototyping","level":2,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40398212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2275513","display_name":"System requirements","level":2,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776743756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5097921","display_name":"Safeguarding","level":2,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45384764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838667","display_name":"Requirements elicitation","level":4,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199747065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3254666","display_name":"Non-functional requirement","level":5,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132835097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663745","display_name":"System safety","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112805685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10566551","display_name":"Safety assurance","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/rew66121.2025.00073","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rew66121.2025.00073","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 33rd International Requirements Engineering Conference Workshops (REW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3118770749","https://openalex.org/W3203074617","https://openalex.org/W3208861421","https://openalex.org/W4367059081","https://openalex.org/W4390030519"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deploying":[0],"AI-driven":[1],"physical":[2,59,155],"systems":[3,120,130],"demands":[4],"mechanisms":[5],"that":[6,98],"can":[7,123,150],"both":[8,108],"enable":[9],"innovation":[10],"and":[11,75,83,92,100,111,133,139,159],"ensure":[12],"safety.":[13],"This":[14],"case":[15],"study":[16,116],"presents":[17],"a":[18,22,33,58,102],"prototype":[19],"implementation":[20],"of":[21,104,127],"large":[23],"language":[24],"model":[25],"(LLM)-controlled":[26],"unmanned":[27],"aerial":[28],"vehicle":[29],"(UAV)":[30],"operating":[31],"under":[32],"runtime":[34],"assurance":[35],"(RTA)":[36],"mechanism.":[37,114],"The":[38,62,115],"safeguarding":[39],"layer":[40],"served":[41],"to":[42,66,78,131],"constrain":[43],"the":[44,80,109,112],"UAV\u2019s":[45],"actions":[46],"within":[47],"predefined":[48],"safety":[49,76,138],"boundaries,":[50],"allowing":[51],"experimentation":[52],"with":[53],"untrusted,":[54],"LLM-based":[55],"controller":[56,110],"in":[57],"testing":[60,126],"environment.":[61],"system":[63],"was":[64],"used":[65],"engage":[67],"stakeholders":[68],"including:":[69],"operators,":[70],"robotics":[71],"engineers,":[72],"autonomy":[73],"specialists,":[74],"experts,":[77],"explore":[79],"behavioural":[81],"boundaries":[82],"trust":[84,157],"requirements":[85,106],"for":[86,107],"such":[87,147],"architectures.":[88],"Through":[89],"iterative":[90],"prototyping":[91],"live":[93],"demonstrations,":[94],"we":[95],"elicited":[96],"feedback":[97],"informed":[99],"refined":[101],"set":[103],"cross-cutting":[105],"RTA":[113],"highlights":[117],"how":[118,146],"agile":[119],"engineering":[121],"practices":[122],"support":[124,151],"real-world":[125],"novel":[128],"AI-controlled":[129],"elicit":[132],"develop":[134],"requirements,":[135],"while":[136],"preserving":[137],"operational":[140],"oversight.":[141],"We":[142],"conclude":[143],"by":[144],"outlining":[145],"runtime-assurance-enabled":[148],"testbeds":[149],"future":[152],"research":[153],"into":[154],"AI,":[156],"calibration,":[158],"assured":[160],"autonomy.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-14T00:00:00"}
