{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2911464632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/reconfig.2018.8641712","title":"A Coarse Grained-Reconfigurable Accelerator with energy efficient MTJ-based Non-volatile Flip-flops","display_name":"A Coarse Grained-Reconfigurable Accelerator with energy efficient MTJ-based Non-volatile Flip-flops","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2911464632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/reconfig.2018.8641712","mag":"2911464632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/reconfig.2018.8641712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/reconfig.2018.8641712","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Conference on ReConFigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055811510","display_name":"Takeharu Ikezoe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Takeharu Ikezoe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, JAPAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113742339","display_name":"Hideharu Amano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hideharu Amano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, JAPAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007023605","display_name":"Junya Akaike","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171481255","display_name":"Shibaura Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/020wjcq07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junya Akaike","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo, JAPAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030692253","display_name":"Kimiyoshi Usami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-3313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171481255","display_name":"Shibaura Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/020wjcq07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimiyoshi Usami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo, JAPAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100987806","display_name":"Masaru Kudo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171481255","display_name":"Shibaura Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/020wjcq07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaru Kudo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo, JAPAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041270546","display_name":"Keizo Hiraga","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304132090","display_name":"Sony (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0214y7014","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304132090","https://openalex.org/I4210143797"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keizo Hiraga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation, 4-14-1 Asahi-cho, Atsugi, Kanagawa, JAPAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation, 4-14-1 Asahi-cho, Atsugi, Kanagawa, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304132090"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039319356","display_name":"Yusuke Shuto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-6372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304132090","display_name":"Sony (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0214y7014","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304132090","https://openalex.org/I4210143797"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusuke Shuto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation, 4-14-1 Asahi-cho, Atsugi, Kanagawa, JAPAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation, 4-14-1 Asahi-cho, Atsugi, Kanagawa, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304132090"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109409376","display_name":"Kojiro Yagami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304132090","display_name":"Sony (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0214y7014","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304132090","https://openalex.org/I4210143797"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kojiro Yagami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation, 4-14-1 Asahi-cho, Atsugi, Kanagawa, JAPAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation, 4-14-1 Asahi-cho, Atsugi, Kanagawa, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304132090"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055811510"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7826,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75163618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8055508136749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-gating","display_name":"Power gating","score":0.7331450581550598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4939742684364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flops","display_name":"FLOPS","score":0.48054391145706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.47980573773384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4639667272567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4635559618473053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-management","display_name":"Power management","score":0.4481005370616913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.20744794607162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1930377185344696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.12556442618370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09482499957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8055508136749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780700455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236515","display_name":"Power gating","level":4,"score":0.7331450581550598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4939742684364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3826847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188768","display_name":"FLOPS","level":2,"score":0.48054391145706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.47980573773384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4639667272567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4635559618473053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778774385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437810","display_name":"Power management","level":3,"score":0.4481005370616913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.20744794607162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1930377185344696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.12556442618370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09482499957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/reconfig.2018.8641712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/reconfig.2018.8641712","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Conference on ReConFigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986671205","https://openalex.org/W2009997678","https://openalex.org/W2017355752","https://openalex.org/W2019762784","https://openalex.org/W2132550088","https://openalex.org/W2278274504","https://openalex.org/W2527002128","https://openalex.org/W2527848006","https://openalex.org/W2585439909","https://openalex.org/W2590796916","https://openalex.org/W2768897236","https://openalex.org/W6733322545","https://openalex.org/W7049032894"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066983888","https://openalex.org/W2789515063","https://openalex.org/W2016821766","https://openalex.org/W2034989381","https://openalex.org/W2560557593","https://openalex.org/W2147614189","https://openalex.org/W2048188644","https://openalex.org/W1487280207","https://openalex.org/W2088715724","https://openalex.org/W3185548375"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"IoT":[1],"devices":[2],"are":[3,76,101,182,196],"required":[4,19,172],"to":[5,45,57,200],"be":[6,167,190,248],"an":[7],"extremely":[8],"low":[9],"power":[10,50,125,143,152,237,252,261],"in":[11,20,55,169,232],"idle":[12],"time,":[13],"while":[14],"a":[15,29,69,79,124],"certain":[16],"performance":[17],"is":[18,28,52,72,90,96,154,238,273],"active":[21],"time.":[22],"NVCMA":[23],"(Non-volatile":[24],"Cool":[25],"Mega":[26],"Array)":[27],"coarse-grain":[30],"reconfigurable":[31],"accelerator":[32],"(CGRA)":[33],"providing":[34],"memory":[35,43,165],"elements":[36],"with":[37,78,114,221,255],"spin":[38],"transfer":[39],"torque":[40],"type":[41],"non-volatile":[42,65],"technology":[44],"keep":[46],"data":[47,63,75,148,164,177,227],"when":[48],"the":[49,59,87,93,139,157,161,202,210,218,223,243,251,256,259,264,269],"gating":[51,153],"applied.":[53],"Here,":[54],"order":[56],"reduce":[58,201],"energy":[60,108,224],"for":[61,109,146,225],"storing":[62,80,147,226],"into":[64,149,156,184],"Flip":[66],"Flops":[67],"(NVFF)s,":[68],"verification":[70,88],"mechanism":[71],"introduced.":[73],"The":[74,234],"written":[77],"time":[81,113],"much":[82],"shorter":[83],"than":[84],"usual.":[85],"If":[86],"result":[89],"not":[91],"correct,":[92],"next":[94],"trial":[95],"done":[97],"until":[98],"all":[99],"results":[100],"verified.":[102],"This":[103],"approach":[104],"can":[105,166,189,247],"omit":[106],"unnecessary":[107],"using":[110,209,217],"long":[111],"writing":[112],"margin":[115],"considering":[116],"variation":[117],"and":[118,133,151,160,178,213],"temperature.":[119],"For":[120],"NVCMA,":[121],"we":[122],"propose":[123],"manager":[126,262],"which":[127,188,246],"controls":[128],"store,":[129],"restore,":[130],"verification,":[131,222],"sleep-down":[132],"wake-up":[134],"by":[135,208,230,250,266],"extending":[136],"micro-instructions":[137],"of":[138,163,204,242],"original":[140],"CMA.":[141],"Sophisticated":[142],"management":[144,194],"both":[145],"NVFFs":[150,170,181],"integrated":[155],"application":[158],"program,":[159],"content":[162],"stored":[168],"as":[171,173,175,199,206],"well":[174],"configuration":[176],"micro-instructions.":[179],"Total":[180],"divided":[183],"10":[185],"independent":[186],"domains":[187],"controlled":[191],"independently.":[192],"Power":[193],"instructions":[195,205],"designed":[197],"so":[198],"number":[203],"possible":[207],"bit-map":[211],"registers":[212],"compound":[214],"instructions.":[215],"By":[216],"short":[219],"store":[220],"was":[228],"reduced":[229],"30%":[231],"average.":[233],"ever-on":[235],"leakage":[236,245],"just":[239],"about":[240],"4%":[241],"total":[244,270],"saved":[249],"gating.":[253],"Compared":[254],"hard-wired":[257],"implementation,":[258],"proposed":[260],"increases":[263],"area":[265,271],"17.7%,":[267],"yet":[268],"overhead":[272],"only":[274],"4%.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}