{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115681485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pdis.1994.331703","title":"The evolution of customer middleware requirements","display_name":"The evolution of customer middleware requirements","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115681485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pdis.1994.331703","mag":"2115681485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pdis.1994.331703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pdis.1994.331703","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Information Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048400696","display_name":"J.M. Deutsch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171710568","display_name":"National Association of Home Builders","ror":"https://ror.org/05m94vg70","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171710568"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J.M. Deutsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["EDA Division, Information Builders","EDA Div., Information Builders, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EDA Division, Information Builders","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171710568"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EDA Div., Information Builders, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171710568"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048400696"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171710568"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3266,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87546278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"262","last_page":"263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middleware","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","score":0.8088992834091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.7802088856697083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7769615650177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.6208739280700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vendor","display_name":"Vendor","score":0.5637513995170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.47352123260498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.38145536184310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.37708091735839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34447944164276123}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169468491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146923","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","level":2,"score":0.8088992834091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.7802088856697083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7769615650177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.6208739280700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777338717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1762621","display_name":"Vendor","level":2,"score":0.5637513995170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.47352123260498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.38145536184310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.37708091735839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34447944164276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pdis.1994.331703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pdis.1994.331703","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Information Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093262417","https://openalex.org/W2478661203","https://openalex.org/W4312626803","https://openalex.org/W2004830053","https://openalex.org/W2123131699","https://openalex.org/W3008115697","https://openalex.org/W650116260","https://openalex.org/W1864755515","https://openalex.org/W4375832024","https://openalex.org/W2955825640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,124],"the":[1,37,50,72,110,129,135,152,156],"past,":[2],"commercial":[3],"client/server":[4],"systems":[5],"were":[6,25],"typically":[7],"limited":[8],"to":[9,65,100,126,140],"configurations":[10],"employing":[11],"a":[12,29,84,166],"single":[13,30,51],"relational":[14],"database":[15,78,117],"management":[16],"system":[17],"(DBMS).":[18],"Moreover,":[19],"both":[20],"client":[21],"and":[22,68,77,92,116,131],"server":[23],"components":[24,105],"either":[26],"designed":[27],"by":[28,154],"vendor,":[31],"or":[32],"constructed":[33,145],"using":[34],"one":[35],"of":[36,75,87,120,134],"many":[38],"application":[39,46],"programming":[40],"interfaces":[41],"(API)":[42],"available,":[43],"restricting":[44],"that":[45,55],"for":[47,53,71,103],"use":[48],"with":[49],"DBMS":[52],"which":[54,80,108,155],"API":[56],"was":[57],"designed.":[58],"Since":[59],"then,":[60],"customer":[61],"expectations":[62],"have":[63,98,138],"grown":[64],"include":[66],"connectivity":[67],"interoperability":[69,102],"requirements":[70],"heterogeneous":[73,158],"mixture":[74],"applications":[76],"products":[79,97],"comprise":[81],"their":[82],"enterprise:":[83],"diverse":[85,122],"set":[86],"APIs,":[88,111],"operating":[89,94],"platforms,":[90],"filetypes,":[91],"network":[93],"systems.":[95],"Middleware":[96],"emerged":[99],"provide":[101],"these":[104,121],"via":[106],"\"gateways\",":[107],"map":[109],"data":[112],"manipulation":[113],"languages":[114],"(DML),":[115],"wire":[118],"protocols":[119],"components.":[123],"addition":[125],"basic":[127],"interoperability,":[128],"ease-of-use":[130],"performance":[132],"characteristics":[133],"middleware":[136,147],"model":[137],"begun":[139],"change.":[141],"The":[142],"distributed":[143],"database,":[144],"from":[146],"technologies,":[148],"is":[149],"seen":[150],"as":[151,165],"means":[153],"distributed,":[157],"enterprise":[159],"computing":[160],"environment":[161],"can":[162],"be":[163],"integrated":[164],"homogeneous":[167],"unit.<":[168],"<ETX":[169],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[170],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">&gt;</ETX>":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}