{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026140103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5393785","title":"An information theoretic approach for formulating probability of random correspondence of biometrics","display_name":"An information theoretic approach for formulating probability of random correspondence of biometrics","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026140103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5393785","mag":"2026140103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nabic.2009.5393785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5393785","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110646521","display_name":"Jay R. Bhatnagar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jay R. Bhatnagar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometrics Research Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India","Biometrics Research Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India-110 016"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics Research Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics Research Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India-110 016","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111573282","display_name":"R. K. Patney","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R K. Patney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometrics Research Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India","Biometrics Research Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India-110 016"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics Research Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics Research Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India-110 016","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066116024","display_name":"Brejesh Lall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-3071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Lall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometrics Research Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India","Biometrics Research Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India-110 016"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics Research Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics Research Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India-110 016","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110646521"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3525,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54512245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1184","last_page":"1189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9316999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8840868473052979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.615477442741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5632920861244202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4834917187690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4627736806869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4443742632865906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.44239699840545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-information","display_name":"Mutual information","score":0.42597946524620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4223299026489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4192262291908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-symmetric-channel","display_name":"Binary symmetric channel","score":0.41904932260513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41845810413360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3930976390838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31706148386001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-capacity","display_name":"Channel capacity","score":0.2025805413722992}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8840868473052979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.615477442741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5632920861244202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4834917187690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4627736806869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4443742632865906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.44239699840545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152139883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973","display_name":"Mutual information","level":2,"score":0.42597946524620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4223299026489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4192262291908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173988684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863510","display_name":"Binary symmetric channel","level":4,"score":0.41904932260513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41845810413360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3930976390838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31706148386001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97744766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870845","display_name":"Channel capacity","level":3,"score":0.2025805413722992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nabic.2009.5393785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5393785","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492526923","https://openalex.org/W1542290855","https://openalex.org/W1994049097","https://openalex.org/W2069475988","https://openalex.org/W2092988036","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2122027310","https://openalex.org/W2130203169","https://openalex.org/W2139287454","https://openalex.org/W2142901448","https://openalex.org/W2144469199","https://openalex.org/W2144494112","https://openalex.org/W2145757529","https://openalex.org/W2148006987","https://openalex.org/W2155628890","https://openalex.org/W2162355439","https://openalex.org/W2500986216","https://openalex.org/W4239145390","https://openalex.org/W6724342964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2062586268","https://openalex.org/W593372038","https://openalex.org/W2123027474","https://openalex.org/W1801046103","https://openalex.org/W2121323749","https://openalex.org/W3045781771","https://openalex.org/W2055498716","https://openalex.org/W2115908206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distinctiveness":[0],"of":[1,12,33,82,97,107,112,140,144,162,171,189],"users":[2],"in":[3,22,27,159],"biometric":[4,15,50,65],"authentication":[5],"can":[6],"be":[7],"limited":[8],"when":[9],"multiple":[10],"samples":[11],"a":[13,59,72,90,133],"user's":[14],"information":[16,149],"differ":[17],"due":[18,125],"to":[19,67,103,126,165,184],"intra-class":[20,54,128],"variability":[21,129],"the":[23,34,53,63,69,127,153,160,186],"acquisition,":[24],"thus":[25],"resulting":[26],"random":[28,83],"correspondence":[29,84],"between":[30],"users.":[31],"Most":[32],"currently":[35],"known":[36],"methods":[37,57],"based":[38],"on":[39],"error":[40,105,122,142,163],"correcting":[41],"codes,":[42],"fuzzy":[43],"vault":[44],"have":[45],"been":[46],"proposed":[47],"for":[48,86,152,169,191],"protecting":[49],"data":[51,66,181],"against":[52],"variability.":[55],"These":[56],"require":[58],"binary":[60,134,145],"representation":[61],"from":[62],"real-valued":[64,98,113],"measure":[68],"security":[70],"by":[71,88,116,132],"discrete":[73,91,154],"model.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76],"work,":[77],"we":[78],"analytically":[79],"formulate":[80],"probability":[81,143],"(PRC)":[85],"biometrics":[87],"developing":[89],"noisy":[92,155],"source":[93,156],"model":[94],"using":[95,179],"statistics":[96],"features":[99,114],"that":[100],"helps":[101],"us":[102],"propose":[104],"exponent":[106],"biometrics.":[108,172,195],"The":[109,138],"quantized":[110],"template":[111],"represented":[115],"Ns":[117],"bits":[118,123],"inherently":[119],"has":[120],"t":[121],"occurring":[124],"and":[130,148,182,193],"modeled":[131],"symmetric":[135,146],"noise":[136],"channel.":[137],"values":[139],"t,":[141],"channel":[147],"rate":[150],"R":[151],"are":[157],"combined":[158],"framework":[161],"exponents":[164],"develop":[166],"analytic":[167,187],"expression":[168,188],"PRC":[170,190],"We":[173],"illustrate":[174],"our":[175],"approach":[176],"with":[177],"simulations,":[178],"available":[180],"approximations,":[183],"validate":[185],"palmprint":[192],"iris":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}