{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208229673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2021.3106230","title":"Present and Future of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Empowered Communications [Perspectives]","display_name":"Present and Future of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Empowered Communications [Perspectives]","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208229673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2021.3106230","mag":"3208229673"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/msp.2021.3106230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2021.3106230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120977877","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","issn_l":"1053-5888","issn":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.00671","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051978835","display_name":"Ertu\u011frul Ba\u015far","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-2392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ertugrul Basar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ko\u00e7 University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ko\u00e7 University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042307561","display_name":"H. Vincent Poor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-131X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Vincent Poor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michael Henry Strater University Professor, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michael Henry Strater University Professor, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.195,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9751976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"6","first_page":"146","last_page":"152"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9642000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9508000016212463,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7272235155105591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6521434187889099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.6125317215919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6061068773269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phy","display_name":"PHY","score":0.5537524819374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4957514703273773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4796793460845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4547994136810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurability","display_name":"Reconfigurability","score":0.44639384746551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"Software-defined radio","score":0.4411662817001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.4300830662250519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-user-mimo","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","score":0.4156155586242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3233878016471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.24969300627708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.22284892201423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16290995478630066}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7272235155105591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6521434187889099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.6125317215919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6061068773269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41918916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"PHY","level":4,"score":0.5537524819374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4957514703273773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4796793460845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4547994136810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780149590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7302742","display_name":"Reconfigurability","level":2,"score":0.44639384746551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.4411662817001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.4300830662250519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91330434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738298","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","level":4,"score":0.4156155586242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3233878016471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.24969300627708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.22284892201423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16290995478630066}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/msp.2021.3106230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2021.3106230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120977877","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","issn_l":"1053-5888","issn":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.00671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.00671","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.00671","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cdm21054.contentdm.oclc.org:IR/10143","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2021.3106230 ","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401341","display_name":"Digital Collections portal (Ko\u00e7 University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","host_organization_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.00671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.00671","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.00671","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3504475426","display_name":"NSF-BSF:CIF: Small:  A Unified View of Estimation and Information Relationships for Networks and Beyond","funder_award_id":"1908308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2942818499","https://openalex.org/W2963973401","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969072158","https://openalex.org/W3023203298","https://openalex.org/W3095999731","https://openalex.org/W3126934368","https://openalex.org/W3134059753","https://openalex.org/W3135998278","https://openalex.org/W3143117471","https://openalex.org/W3150893810","https://openalex.org/W3178081691","https://openalex.org/W4287267502","https://openalex.org/W4313001863","https://openalex.org/W6785061003","https://openalex.org/W6793488170"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2543270683","https://openalex.org/W2147792016","https://openalex.org/W2283675810","https://openalex.org/W4239945611","https://openalex.org/W2529235048","https://openalex.org/W2091407544","https://openalex.org/W2561793822","https://openalex.org/W2945523224","https://openalex.org/W4313639042","https://openalex.org/W3047258710"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"signal":[1],"processing":[2],"and":[3,34,41,59,136,144,155,162,186],"communication":[4,13,57],"communities":[5],"have":[6],"witnessed":[7],"the":[8,63,68,71,79,98,130,134,188],"rise":[9],"of":[10,55,81,101,191],"many":[11],"exciting":[12],"technologies":[14],"in":[15,118,133],"recent":[16,131],"years.":[17],"Notable":[18],"examples":[19],"include":[20],"alternative":[21],"waveforms,":[22],"massive":[23],"multiple-input,":[24],"multiple-output":[25],"(MIMO)":[26],"signaling,":[27],"nonorthogonal":[28],"multiple":[29],"access":[30],"(NOMA),":[31],"joint":[32],"communications":[33,106],"sensing,":[35],"sparse":[36],"vector":[37],"coding,":[38],"index":[39],"modulation,":[40],"so":[42],"on.":[43],"It":[44],"is":[45,178],"inevitable":[46],"that":[47,70],"6G":[48,108,197],"wireless":[49,56,83,109,198],"networks":[50,84],"will":[51],"require":[52],"a":[53],"rethinking":[54],"systems":[58],"technologies,":[60],"particularly":[61],"at":[62],"physical":[64],"layer":[65],"(PHY),":[66],"considering":[67],"fact":[69],"cellular":[72],"industry":[73],"reached":[74],"another":[75],"important":[76],"milestone":[77],"with":[78,85],"development":[80],"5G":[82],"diverse":[86],"applications[1].":[87],"Within":[88],"this":[89,91],"perspective,":[90],"article":[92],"aims":[93],"to":[94,122,165,180],"shed":[95],"light":[96],"on":[97,151],"rising":[99],"concept":[100,190],"reconfigurable":[102],"intelligent":[103],"surface":[104],"(RIS)-empowered":[105],"toward":[107,196],"networks[2],[3].":[110],"Software-defined":[111],"RISs":[112,195],"can":[113],"manipulate":[114],"their":[115,160],"impinging":[116],"signals":[117],"an":[119,173],"effective":[120],"way":[121],"boost":[123],"certain":[124],"key":[125],"performance":[126],"indicators.":[127],"We":[128],"discuss":[129],"developments":[132],"field":[135],"put":[137,148],"forward":[138],"promising":[139],"candidates":[140],"for":[141],"future":[142],"research":[143],"development.":[145],"Specifically,":[146],"we":[147,170],"our":[149],"emphasis":[150],"active,":[152],"transmitter-type,":[153],"transmissive-reflective,":[154],"stand-alone":[156],"RISs,":[157],"by":[158],"discussing":[159],"advantages":[161],"disadvantages":[163],"compared":[164],"reflective":[166],"RIS":[167,175],"designs.":[168],"Finally,":[169],"also":[171],"envision":[172],"ultimate":[174],"architecture,":[176],"which":[177],"able":[179],"adjust":[181],"its":[182],"operation":[183],"modes":[184],"dynamically,":[185],"introduce":[187],"new":[189],"PHY":[192],"slicing":[193],"over":[194],"networks.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}