{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016290030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2020.2988022","title":"Understanding the Working Time of Developers in IT Companies in China and the United States","display_name":"Understanding the Working Time of Developers in IT Companies in China and the United States","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016290030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2020.2988022","mag":"3016290030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ms.2020.2988022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2020.2988022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6725529","display_name":"IEEE Software","issn_l":"0740-7459","issn":["0740-7459","1937-4194"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037854753","display_name":"Jiayun Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiayun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350503","display_name":"Yang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4749-3060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068627204","display_name":"Qingyuan Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7942-8752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyuan Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101820707","display_name":"Xin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6813-2371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063593427","display_name":"Aaron Yi Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4173-031X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron Yi Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands","Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069437467","display_name":"Yu Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4517-3779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029925982","display_name":"Pan Hui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["FI","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Helsinki, Finland, and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China","University of Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Helsinki, Finland, and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037854753"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4185,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8527819,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"2","first_page":"96","last_page":"106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.8629999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.8629999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13585","display_name":"Technostress in Professional Settings","score":0.8463000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11572","display_name":"Information Technology Governance and Strategy","score":0.7924000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overtime","display_name":"Overtime","score":0.8984086513519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commit","display_name":"Commit","score":0.8479020595550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.7701345682144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.7236523032188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5890130996704102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.33052921295166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.259238064289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2449806034564972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.16913029551506042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.13529017567634583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780407378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q667022","display_name":"Overtime","level":2,"score":0.8984086513519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.8479020595550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7701345682144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7236523032188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5890130996704102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.33052921295166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.259238064289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2449806034564972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16913029551506042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.13529017567634583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ms.2020.2988022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2020.2988022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6725529","display_name":"IEEE Software","issn_l":"0740-7459","issn":["0740-7459","1937-4194"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-103194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS&KeyUT=000630034400015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-103194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-103194","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:680dd908-1669-4411-9032-b3514399a0b9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:680dd908-1669-4411-9032-b3514399a0b9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1253904684","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"7173100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1664764987","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71731004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5442059454","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072115; 71731004; 61602122; 61971145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6058138561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6469683687","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5GEAR","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7033253288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grants","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8000176244","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8325359607","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75082882","https://openalex.org/W1804651753","https://openalex.org/W1964275779","https://openalex.org/W1984769753","https://openalex.org/W2051599572","https://openalex.org/W2142149702","https://openalex.org/W2148357053","https://openalex.org/W2160397476","https://openalex.org/W2161940407","https://openalex.org/W2354248936","https://openalex.org/W2787663854","https://openalex.org/W2893523217","https://openalex.org/W2901141332","https://openalex.org/W2987246247","https://openalex.org/W3016290030","https://openalex.org/W3101021061","https://openalex.org/W3104278356","https://openalex.org/W6683355852"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4367365664","https://openalex.org/W4388536026","https://openalex.org/W4293227618","https://openalex.org/W2136634148","https://openalex.org/W3124149305","https://openalex.org/W3122851392","https://openalex.org/W2128854221","https://openalex.org/W3122800671","https://openalex.org/W2494554749","https://openalex.org/W4235406906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,30],"identified":[1],"three":[2],"temporal":[3],"patterns":[4],"shown":[5],"in":[6],"commit":[7],"activities":[8],"among":[9],"Chinese":[10,17],"and":[11,14,41,56],"American":[12,28],"companies":[13,58],"found":[15],"that":[16],"businesses":[18],"are":[19],"more":[20],"likely":[21],"to":[22,53,59],"follow":[23],"long":[24],"work":[25],"hours":[26],"than":[27],"ones.":[29],"also":[31],"conducted":[32],"a":[33],"survey":[34],"on":[35],"the":[36],"trends":[37],"of,":[38],"reasons":[39],"for,":[40],"results":[42],"of":[43],"overtime":[44],"work.":[45],"Our":[46],"study":[47],"could":[48],"provide":[49],"references":[50],"for":[51,57],"developers":[52],"choose":[54],"workplaces":[55],"make":[60],"regulations.":[61]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}