{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225593849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2100116","title":"The Open Challenge of Integrating Satellites into (Beyond-) 5G Cellular Networks","display_name":"The Open Challenge of Integrating Satellites into (Beyond-) 5G Cellular Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225593849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2100116"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.011.2100116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2100116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042233653","display_name":"Riccardo De Gaudenzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4948-7599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44377176","display_name":"European Space Research and Technology Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03h3jqn23","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801994115","https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo De Gaudenzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Space Agency,Noordwijk,Netherlands","European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Space Agency,Noordwijk,Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068301009","display_name":"Marco Luise","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7291-0914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Luise","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa,Italy","University of Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063635284","display_name":"Luca Sanguinetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2577-4091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Sanguinetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa,Italy","University of Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.6772,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99538569,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"2","first_page":"168","last_page":"174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.6760674715042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6588643789291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.6088341474533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.5518584251403809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.5079939961433411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.5005407333374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.45239394903182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4376779794692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.18957704305648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11829155683517456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.6760674715042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6588643789291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.6088341474533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.5518584251403809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.5079939961433411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.5005407333374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.45239394903182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4376779794692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.18957704305648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11829155683517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.011.2100116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2100116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1139042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11568/1139042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053472090","https://openalex.org/W2106844247","https://openalex.org/W2119538732","https://openalex.org/W2562268641","https://openalex.org/W2894016320","https://openalex.org/W2975158636","https://openalex.org/W2980895032","https://openalex.org/W3043796598","https://openalex.org/W3083163740","https://openalex.org/W3106994250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378767206","https://openalex.org/W1540871478","https://openalex.org/W328308450","https://openalex.org/W282641168","https://openalex.org/W2376963063","https://openalex.org/W2066396794","https://openalex.org/W2366734808","https://openalex.org/W2002476357","https://openalex.org/W2391444248","https://openalex.org/W2390716080"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"3rd":[1],"Generation":[2],"Partnership":[3],"Program":[4],"(3GPP)":[5],"standardization":[6],"has":[7,27],"recognized":[8],"the":[9,19,41,50,57,76,79,87,105,110],"relevance":[10],"of":[11,40,44,53,81,114],"integrating":[12],"a":[13,38],"non-terrestrial":[14],"(i.e.,":[15],"sat-ellite-based)":[16],"segment":[17],"into":[18],"ubiquitous":[20],"5G":[21,107,112],"(terrestrial)":[22],"cellular":[23],"network.":[24],"Butsuch":[25],"integration":[26,89],"actually":[28],"proven":[29],"considerably":[30],"slower":[31],"than":[32],"expected.":[33],"This":[34],"article":[35,101],"starts":[36],"with":[37,64],"review":[39],"recent":[42],"history":[43],"satellite":[45,54],"mobile":[46],"communications":[47],"and":[48,56,68],"surveys":[49],"current":[51,106],"status":[52],"Networks":[55],"related":[58],"technologies,":[59],"including":[60],"high":[61],"throughput":[62],"satellites":[63],"large":[65],"antenna":[66],"arrays":[67],"mega":[69],"constellations.":[70],"Such":[71],"discussion":[72],"is":[73],"used":[74],"as":[75],"basis":[77],"for":[78],"identification":[80],"technological":[82],"gaps":[83,108],"that":[84],"are":[85,96],"making":[86],"cited":[88],"an":[90],"open":[91],"challenge.":[92],"Since":[93],"terrestrial":[94],"networks":[95],"already":[97],"targeting":[98],"6G,":[99],"this":[100],"tries":[102],"to":[103],"project":[104],"toward":[109],"beyond":[111],"horizon":[113],"2030.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
