{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2144606606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmcs.1997.609587","title":"A quadtree-based image encoding scheme for real-time communication","display_name":"A quadtree-based image encoding scheme for real-time communication","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2144606606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmcs.1997.609587","mag":"2144606606"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mmcs.1997.609587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmcs.1997.609587","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010694335","display_name":"Samah Senbel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5993-6861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Senbel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Comput. Sci., Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA, USA","[Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113229716","display_name":"H. Abdel-Wahab","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Abdel-Wahab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA","Old Dominion University,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Old Dominion University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85489635,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"143","last_page":"150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadtree","display_name":"Quadtree","score":0.9866670370101929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-quantization","display_name":"Vector quantization","score":0.760249674320221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-traversal","display_name":"Tree traversal","score":0.7515819072723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6169184446334839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5715935230255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5122029185295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4977441132068634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4975424110889435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.4861862063407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.46959009766578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-compression","display_name":"Image compression","score":0.4324275553226471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4052843749523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33522844314575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3223782777786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2843143343925476}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151416825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934791","display_name":"Quadtree","level":2,"score":0.9866670370101929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199833920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612536","display_name":"Vector quantization","level":2,"score":0.760249674320221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.7515819072723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6169184446334839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5715935230255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5122029185295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4977441132068634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4975424110889435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.4861862063407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46959009766578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13481523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412438","display_name":"Image compression","level":4,"score":0.4324275553226471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4052843749523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33522844314575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3223782777786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2843143343925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mmcs.1997.609587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmcs.1997.609587","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523176169","https://openalex.org/W1588594383","https://openalex.org/W1984384190","https://openalex.org/W2016737663","https://openalex.org/W2066567366","https://openalex.org/W2080352722","https://openalex.org/W2087008739","https://openalex.org/W2087670045","https://openalex.org/W2113425454","https://openalex.org/W2127540218"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2564967516","https://openalex.org/W2082853656","https://openalex.org/W2084590597","https://openalex.org/W2018251789","https://openalex.org/W2136188704","https://openalex.org/W2366825987","https://openalex.org/W1541211620","https://openalex.org/W2001520917","https://openalex.org/W1989245352","https://openalex.org/W2162295290"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,32,99,108],"introduce":[1],"a":[2,34,53],"new":[3,19,135],"scalable":[4],"image":[5,13,41,48],"encoding":[6,103,124,136],"technique":[7,20,36,125,137],"which":[8],"is":[9,21,49,66,104],"geared":[10],"to":[11,37,61,69,88,96,106,113,117,127,130,139],"support":[12],"communication":[14],"over":[15],"unreliable":[16],"channels.":[17],"The":[18,46,83,134],"based":[22,74],"on":[23,75],"the":[24,39,43,58,62,71,76,80],"quadtree":[25,59,72,81],"representation":[26],"of":[27,57,79,85],"images":[28],"and":[29,42,116],"vector":[30],"quantization.":[31],"use":[33],"mean-removal":[35],"separate":[38],"means":[40],"difference":[44,47],"image.":[45,63],"then":[50,67],"encoded":[51],"as":[52],"breadth":[54],"first":[55],"traversal":[56],"corresponding":[60],"Vector":[64],"quantization":[65],"used":[68],"compress":[70],"nodes":[73],"spatial":[77],"locality":[78],"data.":[82],"number":[84],"bits":[86],"allocated":[87],"each":[89,93],"node":[90],"varies":[91],"in":[92,142],"level":[94],"according":[95,126],"its":[97,111,128],"priority.":[98],"prove":[100],"that":[101],"this":[102],"time-efficient":[105],"generate.":[107],"also":[109],"show":[110],"ability":[112,129],"tolerate":[114],"error":[115],"conceal":[118],"it.":[119],"Moreover,":[120],"we":[121],"test":[122],"our":[123],"scale":[131],"down":[132],"gracefully.":[133],"proved":[138],"perform":[140],"well":[141],"all":[143],"aspects.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}