{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285190657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2022.3182648","title":"Model Predictive Control-Based Multivariable Controller for Traffic Flows in Automated Freeway Systems","display_name":"Model Predictive Control-Based Multivariable Controller for Traffic Flows in Automated Freeway Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285190657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2022.3182648"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2022.3182648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2022.3182648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033310298","display_name":"Hongguang Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0390-6188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongguang Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075883484","display_name":"Xinyu Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-6981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-6981","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042870819","display_name":"Lei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3916-6641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunication Science and Technology, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunication Science and Technology, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100764159","display_name":"Yongfu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7701-8351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongfu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7701-8351","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100777770","display_name":"Hua Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3735-1635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7282,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68737552,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"149","last_page":"161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariable-calculus","display_name":"Multivariable calculus","score":0.8695463538169861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7127209901809692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.7029669284820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.6497023105621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-flow","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","score":0.6269940137863159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5094385743141174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-space","display_name":"State space","score":0.5052900910377502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.498992919921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-space-representation","display_name":"State-space representation","score":0.4789748191833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.42960137128829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.36310505867004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.19043967127799988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12392142415046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12202656269073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07283610105514526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117312493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2035437","display_name":"Multivariable calculus","level":2,"score":0.8695463538169861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7127209901809692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.7029669284820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.6497023105621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207512268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3074551","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","level":2,"score":0.6269940137863159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5094385743141174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72434380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230930","display_name":"State space","level":2,"score":0.5052900910377502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.498992919921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52918065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230945","display_name":"State-space representation","level":2,"score":0.4789748191833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.42960137128829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36310505867004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.19043967127799988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12392142415046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12202656269073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07283610105514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2022.3182648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2022.3182648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5868862716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1600500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6628824997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1964202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983354507","https://openalex.org/W2020082215","https://openalex.org/W2042059757","https://openalex.org/W2042920500","https://openalex.org/W2075868594","https://openalex.org/W2140722533","https://openalex.org/W2326411822","https://openalex.org/W2343448197","https://openalex.org/W2367466987","https://openalex.org/W2387468477","https://openalex.org/W2394217136","https://openalex.org/W2408308545","https://openalex.org/W2602230896","https://openalex.org/W2728013619","https://openalex.org/W2753633029","https://openalex.org/W2884894658","https://openalex.org/W2890587613","https://openalex.org/W2904209998","https://openalex.org/W2920380002","https://openalex.org/W2921304781","https://openalex.org/W2945287357","https://openalex.org/W2955769756","https://openalex.org/W2959077396","https://openalex.org/W2973785185","https://openalex.org/W2996265814","https://openalex.org/W3026789654","https://openalex.org/W3030121836","https://openalex.org/W3092380111","https://openalex.org/W3120476629","https://openalex.org/W3189897476","https://openalex.org/W7006463321"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358882807","https://openalex.org/W2013610941","https://openalex.org/W2124388325","https://openalex.org/W2579634771","https://openalex.org/W2329925686","https://openalex.org/W3013517953","https://openalex.org/W1560664277","https://openalex.org/W2756401664","https://openalex.org/W2338837772","https://openalex.org/W2547148345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Uncertainties":[0],"and":[1,11,37,46,83,99,117,128,140],"disturbances":[2],"in":[3,8,31,144],"traffic":[4,40,58,67,120,138],"flows":[5,41,121],"will":[6],"result":[7],"performance":[9],"degradation":[10],"even":[12],"the":[13,35,43,49,80,93,106,110,115,133,145],"critical":[14],"instability":[15],"of":[16,39,119,147],"automated":[17],"freeway":[18],"systems.":[19],"To":[20],"handle":[21],"these":[22],"issues,":[23],"a":[24,55,65,71,84,123],"multivariable":[25,72],"model":[26,60,73],"predictive":[27,74],"controller":[28,75,112,134],"is":[29,61,76,89],"proposed":[30,111],"this":[32],"article,":[33],"taking":[34],"speed":[36,118],"density":[38,116],"as":[42],"control":[44],"objectives":[45],"accounting":[47],"for":[48],"uncertainty":[50],"caused":[51],"by":[52],"ramps.":[53],"Specifically,":[54],"state-space":[56,81],"macroscopic":[57,66],"flow":[59,68],"established":[62],"based":[63,78],"on":[64,79],"model.":[69],"Then,":[70],"developed":[77],"model,":[82],"sequence":[85],"quadratic":[86],"program":[87],"algorithm":[88],"designed":[90],"to":[91],"find":[92],"optimal":[94],"inputs.":[95],"Finally,":[96],"extensive":[97],"simulations":[98,107],"comparisons":[100],"are":[101],"conducted.":[102],"The":[103],"results":[104],"from":[105],"verify":[108],"that":[109],"can":[113,135],"make":[114],"approach":[122],"desired":[124],"value":[125],"more":[126],"quickly":[127],"without":[129],"chattering.":[130],"In":[131],"addition,":[132],"effectively":[136],"avoid":[137],"congestion":[139],"has":[141],"better":[142],"stability":[143],"presence":[146],"disturbances.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T22:02:38.213706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}