{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417001736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mis.2025.3621938","title":"Trustworthy Machine Learning in the Era of Foundation Models","display_name":"Trustworthy Machine Learning in the Era of Foundation Models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417001736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mis.2025.3621938"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mis.2025.3621938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mis.2025.3621938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114241109","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"1541-1672","issn":["1541-1672","1941-1294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047240103","display_name":"Bo Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-0958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047240103"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8331,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9322304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"6","first_page":"73","last_page":"79"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.7807999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.7807999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.11289999634027481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.016300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.7150999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5598000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5498999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position-paper","display_name":"Position paper","score":0.5418999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.43380001187324524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.7150999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6500999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5598000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5498999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78780964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233193","display_name":"Position paper","level":2,"score":0.5418999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5302000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56397880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044094","display_name":"Intelligent decision support system","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2590999901294708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mis.2025.3621938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mis.2025.3621938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114241109","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"1541-1672","issn":["1541-1672","1941-1294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070683816","https://openalex.org/W2095274657","https://openalex.org/W2951360122","https://openalex.org/W3198675127","https://openalex.org/W4389519291","https://openalex.org/W4389519818","https://openalex.org/W4389727268","https://openalex.org/W4393160204","https://openalex.org/W4403791296","https://openalex.org/W4404356490","https://openalex.org/W4404783189","https://openalex.org/W4415797351"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"position":[1],"article":[2,117],"examines":[3],"trustworthy":[4,131],"machine":[5],"learning":[6,25],"with":[7,81],"foundation":[8,132],"models":[9,27],"by":[10],"investigating":[11],"the":[12,34,51,96,135],"four":[13],"essential":[14],"aspects.":[15],"In":[16,47,70,92],"learning,":[17],"we":[18,49,72,94],"describe":[19],"how":[20],"pretraining,":[21],"fine-tuning,":[22],"and":[23,32,57,67,88,114,127,147],"reinforcement":[24],"enable":[26],"to":[28,111,129],"acquire":[29],"generalizable":[30],"knowledge":[31],"emphasize":[33],"importance":[35],"of":[36,54],"high-quality,":[37],"unbiased":[38],"training":[39,45],"data,":[40],"as":[41,43,145],"well":[42],"robust":[44],"methods.":[46],"reasoning,":[48,85],"summarize":[50],"fundamental":[52],"methodology":[53],"training-free,":[55],"post-training,":[56],"test-time":[58],"scaling":[59],"methods":[60,75],"that":[61,76],"enhance":[62],"logical":[63],"deduction,":[64],"reasoning":[65],"transparency,":[66],"systematic":[68],"safety.":[69],"planning,":[71],"incorporate":[73],"neurosymbolic":[74],"combine":[77],"adaptable":[78],"neural":[79],"capabilities":[80],"formally":[82],"verifiable":[83],"symbolic":[84],"ensuring":[86],"safe":[87],"accountable":[89],"decision":[90,149],"making.":[91,150],"multimodality,":[93],"investigate":[95],"need":[97],"for":[98,122,137],"multimodal":[99],"integration,":[100],"where":[101],"aligning":[102],"information":[103],"from":[104],"different":[105],"sensory":[106],"input":[107],"sources":[108],"is":[109],"important":[110],"mitigate":[112],"biases":[113],"errors.":[115],"The":[116],"presents":[118],"an":[119],"interdisciplinary":[120],"vision":[121],"incorporating":[123],"capability,":[124],"robustness,":[125],"safety,":[126],"explainability":[128],"establish":[130],"models,":[133],"paving":[134],"way":[136],"their":[138],"reliable":[139],"deployment":[140],"in":[141],"real-world":[142],"applications,":[143],"such":[144],"financial":[146],"clinical":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-12-04T00:00:00"}