{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390189615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom58377.2023.10356371","title":"Evaluating the practical range of harmonic radar to detect smart electronics","display_name":"Evaluating the practical range of harmonic radar to detect smart electronics","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390189615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom58377.2023.10356371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/milcom58377.2023.10356371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom58377.2023.10356371","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MILCOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068263047","display_name":"Beatrice Perez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7458-6433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132419","display_name":"Riverside Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tvg0w73","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132419"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Beatrice Perez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Riverside Research,Lexington,MA","Riverside Research, Lexington, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Riverside Research,Lexington,MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Riverside Research, Lexington, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089235629","display_name":"Cesar Arguello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8266-1104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cesar Arguello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College,Hanover,NH","Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College,Hanover,NH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018508393","display_name":"Timothy J. Pierson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2262-3097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy J. Pierson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College,Hanover,NH","Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College,Hanover,NH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089856465","display_name":"Gregory J. Mazzaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5814-7425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91036609","display_name":"Citadel","ror":"https://ror.org/01vwr6t80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91036609"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Mazzaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Citadel,The Military College of South Carolina,Charleston,SC","The Military College of South Carolina, The Citadel, Charleston, SC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Citadel,The Military College of South Carolina,Charleston,SC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91036609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Military College of South Carolina, The Citadel, Charleston, SC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91036609"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091796724","display_name":"David Kotz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7411-2783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Kotz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College,Hanover,NH","Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College,Hanover,NH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068263047"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132419"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2399,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55135417,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"528","last_page":"535"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.7008697986602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.6889294385910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6591277122497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.5332458019256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-systems","display_name":"Radar systems","score":0.5318427085876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5115193128585815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.48381370306015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4074704051017761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.37765926122665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3095114231109619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2841898202896118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.230075865983963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.085582435131073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.7008697986602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.6889294385910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6591277122497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.5332458019256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984296375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar systems","level":3,"score":0.5318427085876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5115193128585815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.48381370306015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4074704051017761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37765926122665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3095114231109619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2841898202896118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.230075865983963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.085582435131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/milcom58377.2023.10356371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom58377.2023.10356371","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MILCOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1961385340","https://openalex.org/W2398714011","https://openalex.org/W2620853658","https://openalex.org/W2734636198","https://openalex.org/W2902465103","https://openalex.org/W3216504046","https://openalex.org/W4206732142","https://openalex.org/W4281731558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W760655932","https://openalex.org/W96662699","https://openalex.org/W156107400","https://openalex.org/W2353141829","https://openalex.org/W2083225881","https://openalex.org/W2362183774","https://openalex.org/W2370482908","https://openalex.org/W2910716297","https://openalex.org/W2363629559","https://openalex.org/W2481048288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prior":[0],"research":[1],"has":[2,92,118],"found":[3],"that":[4,98],"harmonic":[5,65,107],"radar":[6,66,108],"systems":[7,25,86],"are":[8,21],"able":[9,70,125],"to":[10,31,55,71,126],"detect":[11,128],"the":[12,19,74,112,122,140,145],"presence":[13],"of":[14,84,116,134,142,147],"electronic":[15,79],"devices,":[16],"even":[17],"if":[18],"devices":[20,42,130],"powered":[22],"off.":[23],"These":[24],"could":[26],"be":[27,49,69],"a":[28,39,53,105,114,132],"powerful":[29],"tool":[30],"help":[32],"mitigate":[33],"privacy":[34],"invasions.":[35],"For":[36],"example,":[37],"in":[38,100,121],"rental":[40],"property":[41,75],"such":[43],"as":[44],"cameras":[45],"or":[46,61],"microphones":[47],"may":[48,68],"surreptitiously":[50],"placed":[51],"by":[52],"landlord":[54],"monitor":[56],"renters":[57],"without":[58],"their":[59],"knowledge":[60],"consent.":[62],"A":[63],"mobile":[64],"system":[67],"quickly":[72],"scan":[73],"and":[76,103,149],"locate":[77],"all":[78],"devices.":[80],"The":[81],"effective":[82],"range":[83,133,146],"these":[85],"for":[87,153],"detecting":[88],"consumer-grade":[89],"electronics,":[90],"however,":[91],"not":[93],"been":[94,119],"quantified.":[95],"We":[96,110,138],"address":[97],"shortcoming":[99],"this":[101],"paper":[102],"evaluate":[104],"prototype":[106],"system.":[109],"find":[111],"system,":[113],"variation":[115],"what":[117],"proposed":[120],"literature,":[123],"is":[124],"reliably":[127],"some":[129],"at":[131],"about":[135],"two":[136],"meters.":[137],"discuss":[139],"effect":[141],"hardware":[143],"on":[144],"detection":[148],"propose":[150],"an":[151],"algorithm":[152],"automated":[154],"detection.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T08:04:53.788161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}