{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390190065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom58377.2023.10356225","title":"Characterizing the Modification Space of Signature IDS Rules","display_name":"Characterizing the Modification Space of Signature IDS Rules","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390190065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom58377.2023.10356225"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/milcom58377.2023.10356225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/milcom58377.2023.10356225","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MILCOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.09644","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093577519","display_name":"Ryan Guide","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Guide","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023371126","display_name":"Eric Pauley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2197-9137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Pauley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007771274","display_name":"Yohan Beugin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0991-7926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yohan Beugin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056794879","display_name":"Ryan Sheatsley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-602X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Sheatsley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055368149","display_name":"Patrick McDaniel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2091-7484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick McDaniel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093577519"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21666146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"536","last_page":"541"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.8409199714660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7817095518112183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6858707666397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.6255560517311096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.5868292450904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.538923978805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.411953866481781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion","display_name":"Intrusion","score":0.4118845462799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.35347944498062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32948315143585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32817232608795166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.8409199714660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7817095518112183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6858707666397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.6255560517311096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5868292450904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.538923978805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.411953866481781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.4118845462799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.35347944498062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32948315143585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32817232608795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/milcom58377.2023.10356225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/milcom58377.2023.10356225","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MILCOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2402.09644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2402.09644","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.09644","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2402.09644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2402.09644","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.09644","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2043895709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-13-2-0045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","funder_display_name":"Army Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3542758912","display_name":"SaTC: CORE: Frontier: Collaborative: End-to-End Trustworthiness of Machine-Learning Systems","funder_award_id":"1805310","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3693556586","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2-004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3732666562","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-13","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","funder_display_name":"Army Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5259331294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","funder_display_name":"Army Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6274897657","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-13","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7452299184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7579331807","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1805310","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8727049869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-13","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8998121839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"911NF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332447","display_name":"U.S. Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","display_name":"Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390190065.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W148447563","https://openalex.org/W433644524","https://openalex.org/W1510025668","https://openalex.org/W1674877186","https://openalex.org/W1984982313","https://openalex.org/W2019562064","https://openalex.org/W2025299767","https://openalex.org/W2080680379","https://openalex.org/W2477905893","https://openalex.org/W2981181114","https://openalex.org/W6606041630","https://openalex.org/W6637096788","https://openalex.org/W6770844057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2413467815","https://openalex.org/W2133389611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Signature-based":[0],"Intrusion":[1],"Detection":[2],"Systems":[3],"(SIDSs)":[4],"are":[5,39],"traditionally":[6],"used":[7],"to":[8,41,77,92,120,141,185,201],"detect":[9],"malicious":[10,156],"activity":[11],"in":[12,81,144],"networks.":[13],"A":[14],"notable":[15],"example":[16],"of":[17,30,45,72,106,118,132,166,193],"such":[18],"a":[19,28,145,158,167,190],"system":[20],"is":[21],"Snort,":[22],"which":[23],"compares":[24],"network":[25,54],"traffic":[26,47,149],"against":[27],"series":[29],"rules":[31,38,95,143,172,184],"that":[32,89,127,163],"match":[33],"known":[34,73],"exploits.":[35],"Current":[36],"SIDS":[37,94,121,171,183],"designed":[40],"minimize":[42],"the":[43,51,61,103,116,125,129,164,174,178],"amount":[44],"legitimate":[46],"flagged":[48],"incorrectly,":[49],"reducing":[50],"burden":[52],"on":[53,177],"administrators.":[55],"However,":[56],"different":[57],"use":[58],"cases":[59],"than":[60],"traditional":[62],"one\u2013such":[63],"as":[64,153],"researchers":[65],"studying":[66],"trends":[67],"or":[68,155],"analyzing":[69],"modified":[70,107],"versions":[71],"exploits\u2013may":[74],"require":[75],"SIDSs":[76],"be":[78],"less":[79],"constrained":[80],"their":[82],"operation.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85],"paper,":[86],"we":[87,138,161],"demonstrate":[88],"applying":[90],"modifications":[91,119,126],"real-world":[93],"allow":[96],"for":[97,114,195],"relaxing":[98],"some":[99],"constraints":[100,187],"and":[101,134,151],"characterizing":[102],"performance":[104,133,179],"space":[105,117],"rules.":[108,122],"We":[109],"develop":[110],"an":[111],"iterative":[112],"approach":[113],"exploring":[115],"By":[123],"taking":[124],"expand":[128],"ROC":[130],"curve":[131],"altering":[135],"them":[136],"further,":[137],"show":[139],"how":[140],"modify":[142],"directed":[146],"manner.":[147],"Using":[148],"collected":[150],"identified":[152],"benign":[154],"from":[157,170,198],"cloud":[159],"telescope,":[160],"find":[162],"removal":[165],"single":[168],"component":[169],"has":[173],"largest":[175],"impact":[176],"space.":[180],"Effectively":[181],"modifying":[182],"reduce":[186],"can":[188],"enable":[189],"broader":[191],"range":[192],"detection":[194],"various":[196],"objectives,":[197],"increased":[199],"security":[200],"research":[202],"purposes.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
