{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413319273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroind4.0iot66048.2025.11122057","title":"Side-Channel Measurements and Machine Learning for Classifying Application-Level Scenarios in IoT Contexts","display_name":"Side-Channel Measurements and Machine Learning for Classifying Application-Level Scenarios in IoT Contexts","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413319273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroind4.0iot66048.2025.11122057"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/metroind4.0iot66048.2025.11122057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroind4.0iot66048.2025.11122057","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 & IoT (MetroInd4.0 & IoT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114522140","display_name":"Vincenzo Rega","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186995768","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale","ror":"https://ror.org/04nxkaq16","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Rega","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIEI University of Cassino and Southern Lazio-UNICAS,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Cassino,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIEI University of Cassino and Southern Lazio-UNICAS,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Cassino,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092110889","display_name":"Luca Tari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4307-0362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186995768","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale","ror":"https://ror.org/04nxkaq16","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Tari","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIEI University of Cassino and Southern Lazio-UNICAS,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Cassino,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIEI University of Cassino and Southern Lazio-UNICAS,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Cassino,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039059946","display_name":"Domenico Capriglione","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8449-1406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186995768","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale","ror":"https://ror.org/04nxkaq16","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domenico Capriglione","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIEI University of Cassino and Southern Lazio-UNICAS,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Cassino,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIEI University of Cassino and Southern Lazio-UNICAS,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Cassino,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042992044","display_name":"Mario Molinara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-0654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186995768","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale","ror":"https://ror.org/04nxkaq16","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Molinara","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIEI University of Cassino and Southern Lazio-UNICAS,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Cassino,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIEI University of Cassino and Southern Lazio-UNICAS,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Cassino,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061095644","display_name":"Fabrizio Marignetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8776-4561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186995768","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale","ror":"https://ror.org/04nxkaq16","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Marignetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIEI University of Cassino and Southern Lazio-UNICAS,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Cassino,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIEI University of Cassino and Southern Lazio-UNICAS,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Cassino,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.064,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78881423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"123","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9606000185012817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9606000185012817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9581000208854675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9294999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6980869174003601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.567371129989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5552453994750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5436136722564697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3981349468231201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3953765034675598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.23705896735191345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2206014096736908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.21574276685714722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.08974647521972656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6980869174003601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.567371129989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5552453994750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5436136722564697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3981349468231201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3953765034675598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.23705896735191345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2206014096736908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.21574276685714722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.08974647521972656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/metroind4.0iot66048.2025.11122057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroind4.0iot66048.2025.11122057","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 & IoT (MetroInd4.0 & IoT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970267951","https://openalex.org/W2143426320","https://openalex.org/W2556867355","https://openalex.org/W2734509410","https://openalex.org/W2746796098","https://openalex.org/W2921035272","https://openalex.org/W2990296674","https://openalex.org/W3092148921","https://openalex.org/W3136866795","https://openalex.org/W3160157075","https://openalex.org/W4245524709","https://openalex.org/W4379470642","https://openalex.org/W4384703820","https://openalex.org/W4391528339","https://openalex.org/W4395010393","https://openalex.org/W4400114705","https://openalex.org/W4404056812","https://openalex.org/W4404520695"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,115],"feasibility":[4,116],"of":[5,117],"using":[6,56],"a":[7,20,62],"general-purpose":[8],"measurement":[9,33],"system":[10],"and":[11,27,45,65,68,87,95,102],"effective":[12],"classification":[13,106],"techniques":[14],"for":[15],"identifying":[16],"application-level":[17],"scenarios":[18],"on":[19],"Raspberry":[21],"Pi":[22],"4":[23],"platform":[24],"through":[25,120],"electromagnetic":[26],"current":[28,94],"sidechannel":[29],"attacks.":[30],"A":[31,72],"wide":[32],"campaign":[34],"was":[35,82],"conducted":[36],"over":[37],"eight":[38],"scenarios,":[39],"including":[40],"web":[41],"browsers,":[42],"email":[43],"clients,":[44],"protocol-based":[46],"services":[47],"(HTTP,":[48],"HTTPS,":[49],"FTP,":[50],"FTPS).":[51],"The":[52],"measurements":[53,97],"were":[54],"processed":[55],"RMS-based":[57],"downsampling,":[58],"optionally":[59],"normalised":[60],"with":[61,67,77,98],"Robust":[63],"Scaler,":[64],"analysed":[66],"without":[69],"feature":[70,100],"extraction.":[71],"Random":[73],"Forest":[74],"classifier,":[75],"combined":[76],"Recursive":[78],"Feature":[79],"Elimination":[80],"(RFE),":[81],"employed":[83],"to":[84,109],"enhance":[85],"accuracy":[86],"reduce":[88],"dimensionality.":[89],"Results":[90],"show":[91],"that":[92],"combining":[93],"magnetic":[96],"statistical":[99],"engineering":[101],"selection":[103],"achieves":[104],"high":[105],"accuracy-reaching":[107],"up":[108],"$\\mathbf{9":[110],"5.":[111],"8":[112],"3":[113],"\\%}$-highlighting":[114],"behavioural":[118],"profiling":[119],"side-channel":[121],"analysis":[122],"in":[123],"cyber":[124],"security":[125],"contexts.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}