{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216092475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mascots53633.2021.9614304","title":"REBAL: Channel Balancing for Payment Channel Networks","display_name":"REBAL: Channel Balancing for Payment Channel Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216092475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mascots53633.2021.9614304","mag":"3216092475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mascots53633.2021.9614304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mascots53633.2021.9614304","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 29th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064404468","display_name":"Nitin Awathare","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nitin Awathare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Bombay"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101996064","display_name":"Suraj Suraj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Bombay"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001558191","display_name":"Akash Akash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6155-1821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Bombay"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034236411","display_name":"Vinay J. Ribeiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5627-5343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinay Joseph Ribeiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Bombay"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072088405","display_name":"Umesh Bellur","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umesh Bellur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Bombay"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064404468"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3049,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93193652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.964900016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7164968848228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6902005076408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5395561456680298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5044912099838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4623248875141144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4384552836418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.41979870200157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18506520986557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.13197481632232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.07574638724327087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7164968848228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6902005076408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5395561456680298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5044912099838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4623248875141144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4384552836418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.41979870200157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18506520986557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.13197481632232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.07574638724327087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mascots53633.2021.9614304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mascots53633.2021.9614304","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 29th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1735484586","https://openalex.org/W2150154671","https://openalex.org/W2295940006","https://openalex.org/W2593173339","https://openalex.org/W2612918079","https://openalex.org/W2766452458","https://openalex.org/W2949023528","https://openalex.org/W2963978499","https://openalex.org/W2964295450","https://openalex.org/W2973755316","https://openalex.org/W2994447459","https://openalex.org/W3004756930","https://openalex.org/W3059487196","https://openalex.org/W6638047305","https://openalex.org/W6734311803","https://openalex.org/W6744613979","https://openalex.org/W6774062453"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136583354","https://openalex.org/W2111238207","https://openalex.org/W2760721665","https://openalex.org/W330130819","https://openalex.org/W2288610023","https://openalex.org/W2112044895","https://openalex.org/W3121416282","https://openalex.org/W2281389338","https://openalex.org/W2059272164","https://openalex.org/W4387389211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cryptocurrency":[0],"networks":[1],"are":[2],"a":[3,38,84,120,132,136,170,175,211,245,271,278],"promising":[4,19],"infrastructure":[5],"for":[6,162,244],"pseudonymous":[7],"online":[8],"payments.":[9],"However,":[10],"low":[11],"throughput":[12,23],"has":[13],"prevented":[14],"their":[15],"widespread":[16],"acceptance.":[17],"A":[18,128],"solution":[20],"to":[21,49,126,140,157,179,188,220,235,242],"scale":[22],"is":[24],"the":[25,32,55,69,92,100,106,116,141,145,148,153,158,181,186,195,200,217,221,229,250,256],"Payment":[26],"channel":[27,64,107,130,150,213],"network":[28,39],"(PCN),":[29],"exemplified":[30],"by":[31,204],"Lightning":[33,267],"Network":[34,268],"(LN),":[35],"that":[36,47,96,143,165,228],"uses":[37],"of":[40,99,105,119,225,274,281],"off-chain":[41],"bidirectional":[42],"payment":[43],"channels":[44,101,190],"between":[45],"parties":[46],"wish":[48],"transact":[50],"often.":[51],"Since":[52],"payments":[53],"use":[54],"shortest":[56],"paths":[57],"with":[58,277],"sufficient":[59],"funds":[60],"over":[61,97,103,112],"this":[62],"network,":[63,252],"balances":[65],"get":[66],"exhausted":[67],"in":[68,79,109,135],"direction":[70,111],"transactions":[71,80,164,206],"flow":[72],"and":[73,82,151,174,237],"eventually":[74],"become":[75],"unidirectional.":[76],"This":[77],"results":[78,134],"failing":[81],"consequently":[83],"lower":[85],"transaction":[86,257,263],"success":[87,117,230,238,279],"ratio.":[88],"Our":[89],"observations":[90],"on":[91],"production":[93],"LN":[94],"show":[95],"63%":[98],"lose":[102],"80%":[104],"balance":[108],"one":[110],"time,":[113],"which":[114,189],"makes":[115],"ratio":[118,231,280],"real-world":[121,246],"workload":[122,247],"drop":[123],"from":[124,207,233,240,249],"71%":[125],"29%.":[127],"unidirectional":[129,212],"along":[131],"path":[133],"failure":[137,218],"message":[138],"back":[139,219],"source":[142],"recomputes":[144],"path,":[146],"excluding":[147],"failed":[149],"reattempts":[152],"transaction,":[154],"thus":[155],"adding":[156],"completion":[159,201],"latency":[160,202],"even":[161],"those":[163],"do":[166],"complete.We":[167],"propose":[168],"REBAL,":[169],"distributed":[171],"re-balancing":[172],"mechanism,":[173],"new":[176],"routing":[177],"scheme":[178],"address":[180],"above":[182],"issues.":[183],"REBAL":[184,198,226,265],"maximizes":[185],"extent":[187],"can":[191],"be":[192],"re-balanced":[193],"across":[194],"entire":[196],"network.":[197],"addresses":[199],"issue":[203],"re-routing":[205],"intermediate":[208],"nodes":[209],"around":[210],"rather":[214],"than":[215],"propagating":[216],"source.Our":[222],"comprehensive":[223],"evaluation":[224],"shows":[227],"improves":[232],"30.18%":[234],"79.54%":[236],"volume":[239],"3.98%":[241],"29.99%":[243],"derived":[248],"Ripple":[251],"without":[253],"adversely":[254],"impacting":[255],"latency.":[258],"Even":[259],"at":[260],"very":[261],"high":[262],"rates,":[264],"outperforms":[266],"Daemon":[269],"(LND-":[270],"Golang":[272],"implementation":[273],"LN)":[275],"(12%)":[276],"43.76%.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}