{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1883392071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2015.35","title":"Reminiscences of Project Y and the ACS Project","display_name":"Reminiscences of Project Y and the ACS Project","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1883392071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2015.35","mag":"1883392071"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mahc.2015.35","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2015.35","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118545620","display_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","issn_l":"0164-1239","issn":["0164-1239","1058-6180","1934-1547"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050786463","display_name":"Brian Randell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5863-0107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian Randell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050786463"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6694,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72304797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"3","first_page":"56","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9724000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibm","display_name":"IBM","score":0.8746607303619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.585887610912323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercomputer","display_name":"Supercomputer","score":0.5364966988563538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.5110706090927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.5049570202827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.4740283787250519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4328538477420807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70388272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5968558","display_name":"IBM","level":2,"score":0.8746607303619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.585887610912323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.5364966988563538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.5110706090927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5049570202827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.4740283787250519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4328538477420807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mahc.2015.35","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2015.35","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118545620","display_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","issn_l":"0164-1239","issn":["0164-1239","1058-6180","1934-1547"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66096358","https://openalex.org/W192529078","https://openalex.org/W1610083318","https://openalex.org/W1878562774","https://openalex.org/W2004749180","https://openalex.org/W2020933541","https://openalex.org/W2083317035","https://openalex.org/W2097821971","https://openalex.org/W2170585292","https://openalex.org/W2208481289","https://openalex.org/W2224132307","https://openalex.org/W2293010598","https://openalex.org/W2492734419","https://openalex.org/W6602164496","https://openalex.org/W6607845038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3126131865","https://openalex.org/W2384867379","https://openalex.org/W2329539859","https://openalex.org/W4253186488","https://openalex.org/W2251285835","https://openalex.org/W2398322655","https://openalex.org/W2524838473","https://openalex.org/W3081879387","https://openalex.org/W628040712"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"These":[0],"reminiscences":[1],"relate":[2],"to":[3,38,76,153],"the":[4,25,31,65,87,127,137,143,154,163],"period":[5],"that":[6,36,42,70,92,150],"Brian":[7],"Randell":[8],"spent":[9],"between":[10],"1964":[11],"and":[12,22,100,114],"1966":[13,164],"first":[14],"at":[15,120],"IBM":[16,26,156],"Research":[17],"working":[18],"on":[19,30,56,148],"Project":[20],"Y":[21],"then":[23],"in":[24,54,103,115,136],"Systems":[27],"Development":[28],"Division":[29],"resulting":[32],"ACS":[33],"Project--then-secret":[34],"projects":[35],"aimed":[37],"build":[39],"a":[40,146],"supercomputer":[41],"would":[43],"be":[44],"100":[45],"times":[46],"faster":[47],"than":[48],"Stretch.":[49],"Randell's":[50],"account":[51],"is":[52,106],"based":[53],"part":[55],"his":[57],"memory,":[58],"but":[59],"also":[60,141],"makes":[61],"extensive":[62],"use":[63],"of":[64,68,82,84,123,131,162],"small":[66],"set":[67],"files":[69],"he":[71,93],"had":[72],"retained,":[73],"mainly":[74],"relating":[75],"patent":[77],"applications.":[78],"A":[79],"scanned":[80],"copy":[81],"one":[83],"these":[85],"files,":[86],"paper":[88,133],"\"Dynamic":[89],"Instruction":[90],"Scheduling,\"":[91],"coauthored":[94],"with":[95],"Lynn":[96],"Conway,":[97],"Don":[98,101],"Rozenberg,":[99],"Senzig":[102],"February":[104],"1966,":[105],"available":[107],"as":[108],"an":[109],"online":[110,118],"Web":[111],"extra":[112],"https://s3.amazonaws.com/ieeecs.cdn.csdl.public/mags/an/2015/03/man2015030055s.pdf":[113],"Newcastle":[116],"University's":[117],"archive":[119],"www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/publications/trs/papers/891.pdf.":[121],"Because":[122],"space":[124],"constraints":[125],"just":[126],"initial":[128],"three":[129],"pages":[130],"this":[132],"are":[134],"included":[135],"present":[138],"article,":[139],"which":[140],"includes":[142],"text":[144],"from":[145],"section":[147],"\"Interrupts\"":[149],"was":[151],"added":[152],"1969":[155],"San":[157],"Jose":[158],"Technical":[159],"Report":[160],"version":[161],"paper.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}