{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387129579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2023.3320574","title":"Range-Independent TDOA Localization Using Stepwise Accuracy Enhancement Under Speed Uncertainty","display_name":"Range-Independent TDOA Localization Using Stepwise Accuracy Enhancement Under Speed Uncertainty","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387129579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2023.3320574"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2023.3320574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2023.3320574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101772447","display_name":"Ying Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4218-7985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4218-7985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073258732","display_name":"Cheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0352-6580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0352-6580","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078714193","display_name":"Yingmin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2850-0336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingmin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2850-0336","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100387427","display_name":"Chenxi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9134-1235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenxi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.813,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72175478,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"1372","last_page":"1376"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.8983457684516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.7537057399749756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5869989395141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5595768094062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.5066045522689819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.49598225951194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4943821430206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.45697152614593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.4392434358596802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.4129621982574463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4070283770561218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3445580005645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18994438648223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10095924139022827}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.8983457684516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.7537057399749756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5869989395141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5595768094062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.5066045522689819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.49598225951194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4943821430206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.45697152614593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.4392434358596802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.4129621982574463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4070283770561218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3445580005645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18994438648223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10095924139022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2023.3320574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2023.3320574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2364126233","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52101389","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506558619","https://openalex.org/W1980716523","https://openalex.org/W2037420359","https://openalex.org/W2054922679","https://openalex.org/W2305658817","https://openalex.org/W2525299237","https://openalex.org/W2551434662","https://openalex.org/W2739381718","https://openalex.org/W2772086385","https://openalex.org/W2790773297","https://openalex.org/W2899875321","https://openalex.org/W2914801158","https://openalex.org/W2922010967","https://openalex.org/W2996498691","https://openalex.org/W2999670184","https://openalex.org/W3001211194","https://openalex.org/W3015464588","https://openalex.org/W3020261978","https://openalex.org/W3083944087","https://openalex.org/W3092446067","https://openalex.org/W3094266166","https://openalex.org/W3118245791","https://openalex.org/W3171019983","https://openalex.org/W4313555829","https://openalex.org/W4377009134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095065017","https://openalex.org/W1974000248","https://openalex.org/W2138144598","https://openalex.org/W2082904991","https://openalex.org/W2085803349","https://openalex.org/W2171533994","https://openalex.org/W2387140101","https://openalex.org/W2742766041","https://openalex.org/W1979558256","https://openalex.org/W2946632095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,98],"stepwise":[4],"accuracy":[5],"enhancement":[6],"(SAE)":[7],"method":[8],"for":[9,125],"jointly":[10],"estimating":[11],"signal":[12],"propagation":[13,70,79],"speed,":[14,71],"near-field":[15,35],"position,":[16],"and":[17,60],"far-field":[18],"direction-of-arrival":[19],"(DOA)":[20],"without":[21],"requiring":[22],"prior":[23],"source":[24,90,130],"range":[25],"knowledge.":[26],"Time":[27],"difference":[28],"of":[29,115,123,129],"arrival":[30],"(TDOA)":[31],"methods":[32],"excel":[33],"at":[34],"localization":[36],"but":[37],"are":[38],"limited":[39],"in":[40,138],"the":[41,45,107,113,121,133],"far":[42,61],"field":[43,62],"by":[44,57,77,111],"thresholding":[46],"effect.":[47],"The":[48],"modified":[49],"polar":[50],"representation":[51],"(MPR)":[52],"framework":[53],"mitigates":[54,106],"this":[55,76,94],"limitation":[56],"unifying":[58],"near":[59],"localization.":[63],"However,":[64],"previous":[65],"MPR-based":[66],"studies":[67],"assumed":[68],"known":[69],"often":[72],"impractical.":[73],"SAE":[74,92,124],"overcomes":[75],"treating":[78],"speed":[80],"as":[81,97],"an":[82],"unknown":[83],"parameter":[84,108],"to":[85],"be":[86],"concurrently":[87],"estimated":[88],"with":[89],"location.":[91],"formulates":[93],"joint":[95,126],"estimation":[96,109,127],"quadratically":[99],"constrained":[100],"quadratic":[101],"optimization":[102],"(QCQP)":[103],"problem,":[104],"then":[105],"bias":[110],"minimizing":[112],"impact":[114],"TDOA":[116],"measurement":[117],"errors.":[118],"Simulations":[119],"validate":[120],"effectiveness":[122],"irrespective":[128],"range,":[131],"achieving":[132],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[134],"lower":[135],"bound":[136],"(CRLB)":[137],"small":[139],"noise.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}