{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285242686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3177778","title":"Contextual-Aware Land Cover Classification With U-Shaped Object Graph Neural Network","display_name":"Contextual-Aware Land Cover Classification With U-Shaped Object Graph Neural Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285242686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3177778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2022.3177778","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3177778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091906696","display_name":"Wenzhi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3125-2310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, and Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, and National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3125-2310","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, and Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, and National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102713928","display_name":"Peng Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5970-9992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141849","display_name":"National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04z3map19","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing, China","National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046611354","display_name":"Jiage Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4988-3484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141849","display_name":"National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04z3map19","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiage Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing, China","National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4988-3484","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064515090","display_name":"Rui Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6852-3647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, and Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, and National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, and Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, and National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7682,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73851417,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7421509623527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.6198760867118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5764786005020142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48124265670776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47038164734840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4091002345085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3864206075668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.19726258516311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.13465452194213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11992120742797852}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7421509623527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.6198760867118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5764786005020142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48124265670776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47038164734840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4091002345085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3864206075668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.19726258516311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.13465452194213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11992120742797852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2022.3177778","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3177778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2131151903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42192580","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3363016528","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42192584","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8635737617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4214065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974981350","https://openalex.org/W1984792953","https://openalex.org/W1988032609","https://openalex.org/W2006929658","https://openalex.org/W2015593378","https://openalex.org/W2030257787","https://openalex.org/W2092675366","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2303475025","https://openalex.org/W2611552022","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2616755213","https://openalex.org/W2771766796","https://openalex.org/W2774320778","https://openalex.org/W2915254566","https://openalex.org/W2989259581","https://openalex.org/W2991488782","https://openalex.org/W3007268491","https://openalex.org/W3043645330","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3048489561","https://openalex.org/W3080284934","https://openalex.org/W3103695279","https://openalex.org/W3152893301","https://openalex.org/W4205363709","https://openalex.org/W6720006811","https://openalex.org/W6722710385","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6737372380","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6782500230"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2146076056","https://openalex.org/W2103402816","https://openalex.org/W2163831990","https://openalex.org/W3003836766","https://openalex.org/W2046077695","https://openalex.org/W2378160586","https://openalex.org/W2042327336","https://openalex.org/W2996038082","https://openalex.org/W3047965787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"timely":[1],"and":[2,24,51,80,103,109],"accurate":[3,43],"land":[4,44],"cover":[5,45],"mapping":[6],"with":[7],"remote":[8,29,55],"sensing":[9,30,56],"images":[10],"played":[11],"a":[12,61],"huge":[13],"role":[14],"in":[15,54],"ecosystem":[16],"monitoring.":[17],"However,":[18],"due":[19],"to":[20,36,41,91,132],"the":[21,86,127,148,152],"spectral":[22],"variability":[23],"spatial":[25],"complexity":[26],"of":[27,72,121,151],"high-resolution":[28],"images,":[31,57],"it":[32],"is":[33,69,89,130],"often":[34],"difficult":[35],"find":[37],"an":[38],"efficient":[39],"method":[40,129],"achieve":[42],"classification.":[46],"To":[47],"explore":[48],"useful":[49],"contextual":[50,139],"hierarchical":[52,77,119],"features":[53,99,120],"this":[58,125],"paper":[59],"proposes":[60],"U-shaped":[62],"object":[63],"graph":[64,74,78,84,94],"neural":[65],"network":[66],"(U-OGNN),":[67],"which":[68],"mainly":[70],"composed":[71],"self-adaptive":[73,83],"construction":[75],"(SAGC),":[76],"encoder,":[79],"decoder.":[81],"For":[82],"construction,":[85],"similarity":[87],"measurement":[88],"applied":[90],"generate":[92],"contextual-aware":[93],"structure,":[95],"by":[96,117,136],"feeding":[97],"deep":[98],"extracted":[100],"from":[101],"convolution":[102],"multi-layer":[104],"attention":[105],"operations.":[106],"Graph":[107],"encoder":[108],"decoder":[110],"fuse":[111],"multi-level":[112,138],"information":[113,140],"over":[114],"different":[115],"scales":[116],"capturing":[118],"adjacent":[122],"objects.":[123],"In":[124],"way,":[126],"proposed":[128],"able":[131],"predict":[133],"land-cover":[134,145],"types":[135],"considering":[137],"accurately.":[141],"Experiments":[142],"on":[143],"GID":[144],"classification":[146],"datasets,":[147],"overall":[149],"accuracies":[150],"U-OGNN":[153],"reach":[154],"87.81":[155],"%.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}