{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381299798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2023.3280986","title":"Age of Information in Downlink Systems: Broadcast or Unicast Transmission?","display_name":"Age of Information in Downlink Systems: Broadcast or Unicast Transmission?","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381299798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2023.3280986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2023.3280986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2023.3280986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082302681","display_name":"Zhifeng Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4913-3587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhifeng Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4913-3587","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100680993","display_name":"Nan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-5289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-5289","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068612701","display_name":"Parastoo Sadeghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-9483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parastoo Sadeghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-9483","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085818373","display_name":"Xiangyun Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-9079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyun Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-9079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.983,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91677503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"7","first_page":"2057","last_page":"2070"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10300","display_name":"Congenital Heart Disease Studies","score":0.965499997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9562000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8550843596458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unicast","display_name":"Unicast","score":0.7909631729125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6666432619094849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6295610666275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5221807956695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4698701500892639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcasting","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","score":0.44243156909942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicast","display_name":"Multicast","score":0.24364876747131348}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8550843596458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11704745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918337","display_name":"Unicast","level":3,"score":0.7909631729125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6666432619094849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6295610666275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5221807956695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4698701500892639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.44243156909942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32295351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899288","display_name":"Multicast","level":2,"score":0.24364876747131348}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2023.3280986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2023.3280986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5614685551","display_name":"Ultra-reliable and low-latency mission critical communications","funder_award_id":"DP180104062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970679118","https://openalex.org/W1993918491","https://openalex.org/W2066786775","https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W2146487252","https://openalex.org/W2150166076","https://openalex.org/W2294511912","https://openalex.org/W2345637103","https://openalex.org/W2796123563","https://openalex.org/W2796181329","https://openalex.org/W2797442898","https://openalex.org/W2801221059","https://openalex.org/W2886448199","https://openalex.org/W2908558272","https://openalex.org/W2916569954","https://openalex.org/W2945069997","https://openalex.org/W2958904125","https://openalex.org/W2963294159","https://openalex.org/W2963976574","https://openalex.org/W3009695899","https://openalex.org/W3009767834","https://openalex.org/W3037154440","https://openalex.org/W3045022604","https://openalex.org/W3098347096","https://openalex.org/W3102809470","https://openalex.org/W3106385712","https://openalex.org/W3126528098","https://openalex.org/W3131087950","https://openalex.org/W3135089279","https://openalex.org/W3159512412","https://openalex.org/W3179734486","https://openalex.org/W3209829921","https://openalex.org/W3212681059","https://openalex.org/W4206420099","https://openalex.org/W4206444166"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2508558984","https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W4288633135","https://openalex.org/W3008817519","https://openalex.org/W2952300997","https://openalex.org/W2794998165","https://openalex.org/W2910872135","https://openalex.org/W2378130666","https://openalex.org/W4200024937"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,107],"analytically":[1],"decide":[2],"whether":[3],"the":[4,9,14,41,45,61,65,78,93,96,102,114,132,143,148,161,167,172,180,189],"broadcast":[5,42,190],"transmission":[6,11,43,63,84,120,137,174,191],"scheme":[7,12,175,192],"or":[8],"unicast":[10,62,173],"achieves":[13],"optimal":[15],"age":[16],"of":[17,21,135,163,186],"information":[18],"(AoI)":[19],"performance":[20,134],"a":[22,26,55,183],"multiuser":[23],"system":[24,146,164,181],"where":[25],"base":[27],"station":[28],"(BS)":[29],"generates":[30],"and":[31,74,101,147,159],"transmits":[32],"status":[33,46,66],"updates":[34],"to":[35],"multiple":[36],"user":[37],"equipments":[38],"(UEs).":[39],"In":[40],"scheme,":[44,64],"update":[47,67],"for":[48,57,68,113,179],"all":[49],"UEs":[50],"is":[51,71,176,193],"jointly":[52],"encoded":[53,72],"into":[54],"packet":[56,89,124],"transmission,":[58],"while":[59],"in":[60,98,104,139],"each":[69],"UE":[70],"individually":[73],"transmitted":[75],"by":[76,118,152],"following":[77],"round":[79],"robin":[80],"policy.":[81],"For":[82,170],"both":[83],"schemes,":[85],"we":[86,130,155],"examine":[87],"three":[88,123],"management":[90,125],"strategies,":[91],"namely":[92],"non-preemption":[94],"strategy,":[95,100],"preemption":[97,103],"buffer":[99],"serving":[105],"strategy.":[106],"first":[108],"derive":[109],"new":[110],"closed-form":[111],"expressions":[112],"average":[115,168],"AoI":[116,133],"achieved":[117],"two":[119,136,140],"schemes":[121,138],"with":[122,182],"strategies.":[126],"Based":[127],"on":[128,166],"them,":[129],"compare":[131],"systems,":[141],"namely,":[142],"remote":[144],"control":[145],"dynamic":[149],"system.":[150],"Aided":[151],"simulation":[153],"results,":[154],"verify":[156],"our":[157],"analysis":[158],"investigate":[160],"impact":[162],"parameters":[165],"AoI.":[169],"example,":[171],"more":[177,194],"appropriate":[178],"large":[184],"number":[185],"UEs.":[187],"Otherwise,":[188],"appropriate.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}