{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963036536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2019.2929402","title":"Optical Spatial Modulation for FSO IM/DD Communications With Photon-Counting Receivers: Performance Analysis, Transmit Diversity Order and Aperture Selection","display_name":"Optical Spatial Modulation for FSO IM/DD Communications With Photon-Counting Receivers: Performance Analysis, Transmit Diversity Order and Aperture Selection","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963036536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2019.2929402","mag":"2963036536"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2019.2929402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2019.2929402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059440160","display_name":"Chadi Abou\u2010Rjeily","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2255-1842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56306041","display_name":"Lebanese American University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hqkan37","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chadi Abou-Rjeily","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032243366","display_name":"Georges Kaddoum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-6624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159129438","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/002rjbv21","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georges Kaddoum","raw_affiliation_strings":["LACIME Laboratory, \u00c9TS Engineering School, University of Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LACIME Laboratory, \u00c9TS Engineering School, University of Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159129438"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059440160"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.815,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.856699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"9","first_page":"2053","last_page":"2068"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.734011173248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-counting","display_name":"Photon counting","score":0.5932206511497498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.57399582862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5341711640357971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-modulation","display_name":"Spatial modulation","score":0.5303507447242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.4950467646121979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","score":0.45613083243370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4508955478668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.43073466420173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity-modulation","display_name":"Intensity modulation","score":0.42773258686065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3380560278892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.31694522500038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-modulation","display_name":"Phase modulation","score":0.28652411699295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.22730198502540588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.1278899610042572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.09130048751831055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.734011173248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781402376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126172","display_name":"Photon counting","level":3,"score":0.5932206511497498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.57399582862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5341711640357971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019745063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107304836","display_name":"Spatial modulation","level":4,"score":0.5303507447242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.4950467646121979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.45613083243370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4508955478668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.43073466420173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48925448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044344","display_name":"Intensity modulation","level":4,"score":0.42773258686065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3380560278892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31694522500038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96834759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750463","display_name":"Phase modulation","level":3,"score":0.28652411699295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.22730198502540588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.1278899610042572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.09130048751831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2019.2929402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2019.2929402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace2.etsmtl.ca:19745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://espace2.etsmtl.ca/id/eprint/19745/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402392","display_name":"Espace \u00c9TS (ETS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","host_organization_name":"Educational Testing Service","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article publi\u00e9 dans une revue, r\u00e9vis\u00e9 par les pairs"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493602048","https://openalex.org/W1494217237","https://openalex.org/W1543446660","https://openalex.org/W1966393174","https://openalex.org/W2003708605","https://openalex.org/W2028897954","https://openalex.org/W2029262884","https://openalex.org/W2030835564","https://openalex.org/W2040075573","https://openalex.org/W2048462358","https://openalex.org/W2054446874","https://openalex.org/W2056208340","https://openalex.org/W2057781641","https://openalex.org/W2082585693","https://openalex.org/W2098929637","https://openalex.org/W2117692879","https://openalex.org/W2131229733","https://openalex.org/W2149329661","https://openalex.org/W2157005274","https://openalex.org/W2159604024","https://openalex.org/W2318245334","https://openalex.org/W2344065342","https://openalex.org/W2582325123","https://openalex.org/W2601073334","https://openalex.org/W2607657947","https://openalex.org/W2791532124","https://openalex.org/W2801837449","https://openalex.org/W2809838217","https://openalex.org/W2809906879","https://openalex.org/W2883411441","https://openalex.org/W2887565333","https://openalex.org/W3008609509","https://openalex.org/W3098625260","https://openalex.org/W3103314904","https://openalex.org/W4298217738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001881550","https://openalex.org/W4307466823","https://openalex.org/W4323644463","https://openalex.org/W174954854","https://openalex.org/W2374479570","https://openalex.org/W3212839496","https://openalex.org/W2362925333","https://openalex.org/W1487975641","https://openalex.org/W2038016357","https://openalex.org/W2799625658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"two":[3],"pulse-based":[4],"Optical":[5,16,27],"Spatial":[6,45],"Modulation":[7,48],"(OSM)":[8],"schemes":[9],"as":[10],"cost-efficient":[11],"solutions":[12],"for":[13,99,126,137],"multi-aperture":[14],"Free-Space":[15],"(FSO)":[17],"communications":[18],"with":[19,75],"Intensity-Modulation":[20],"and":[21,44,91,103,128,142],"Direct-Detection":[22],"(IM/DD).":[23],"Namely,":[24],"we":[25],"consider":[26],"Space":[28],"Shift":[29],"Keying":[30],"(OSSK)":[31],"where":[32,50],"information":[33],"is":[34,69,124],"encoded":[35],"in":[36,62,130],"the":[37,40,54,57,76,92,101,108,120,131,145,153,158],"index":[38],"of":[39,56,118,155],"pulsed":[41],"optical":[42,59],"source":[43],"Pulse":[46],"Position":[47],"(SPPM)":[49],"additional":[51],"bits":[52],"determine":[53],"position":[55],"transmitted":[58],"pulse":[60],"resulting":[61],"higher":[63],"transmission":[64],"rates.":[65],"A":[66],"performance":[67,110],"analysis":[68],"carried":[70],"out":[71],"over":[72],"gamma-gamma":[73],"channels":[74],"exact":[77],"Poisson":[78],"photon-counting":[79],"detection":[80],"model.":[81],"Exact":[82],"Symbol":[83],"Error":[84],"Probability":[85],"(SEP)":[86],"expressions,":[87],"simple":[88],"upper":[89],"bounds":[90],"achievable":[93],"transmit":[94,113,121,146],"diversity":[95,122,147],"orders":[96],"are":[97],"derived":[98],"both":[100],"open-loop":[102,138,140],"closed-loop":[104,132,143,159],"scenarios.":[105],"Based":[106],"on":[107,152],"presented":[109],"analysis,":[111],"a":[112],"aperture":[114],"selection":[115],"scheme":[116],"capable":[117],"maximizing":[119],"order":[123,148],"proposed":[125],"OSSK":[127],"SPPM":[129,141,160],"case.":[133,161],"Results":[134],"show":[135],"that":[136],"OSSK,":[139,144],"does":[149],"not":[150],"depend":[151],"severity":[154],"scintillation":[156],"unlike":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}