{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2922160705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2019.2904365","title":"A Reinforcement Learning Approach to Energy Efficiency and QoS in 5G Wireless Networks","display_name":"A Reinforcement Learning Approach to Energy Efficiency and QoS in 5G Wireless Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2922160705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2019.2904365","mag":"2922160705"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2019.2904365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2019.2904365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100346963","display_name":"Ying Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-0317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087464513","display_name":"Xiangming Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangming Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062529889","display_name":"Jason Min Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4675-2146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Min Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046689669","display_name":"Brahim Bensaou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-3658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brahim Bensaou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100346963"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1715,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87771121,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"6","first_page":"1413","last_page":"1423"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8765677213668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7885022163391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6318445205688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5967416167259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.582075834274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5324365496635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.5234053730964661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.5149660706520081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-cell","display_name":"Small cell","score":0.5077096223831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5029763579368591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4898335635662079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access","score":0.4847571551799774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4806717336177826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4680590033531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.42082923650741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.41603556275367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19109979271888733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.1840362846851349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.09214439988136292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.08145707845687866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8765677213668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7885022163391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6318445205688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5967416167259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.582075834274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5324365496635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.5234053730964661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5149660706520081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179655311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7543020","display_name":"Small cell","level":3,"score":0.5077096223831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5029763579368591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4898335635662079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775907427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2697649","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access","level":4,"score":0.4847571551799774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4806717336177826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4680590033531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.42082923650741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.41603556275367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19109979271888733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.1840362846851349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.09214439988136292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.08145707845687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2019.2904365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2019.2904365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-97695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-97695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-97695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-85065926728&origin=inward","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14935104","https://openalex.org/W1480501898","https://openalex.org/W1787239691","https://openalex.org/W1976062128","https://openalex.org/W1980461525","https://openalex.org/W2009253859","https://openalex.org/W2028242525","https://openalex.org/W2063858308","https://openalex.org/W2066126035","https://openalex.org/W2110519532","https://openalex.org/W2123760041","https://openalex.org/W2145282441","https://openalex.org/W2151062451","https://openalex.org/W2163553782","https://openalex.org/W2345057640","https://openalex.org/W2478503558","https://openalex.org/W2520061490","https://openalex.org/W2593389066","https://openalex.org/W2625483604","https://openalex.org/W2788355865","https://openalex.org/W3022321359","https://openalex.org/W4206448558","https://openalex.org/W4230129716","https://openalex.org/W4256046955"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2786534237","https://openalex.org/W2149569983","https://openalex.org/W2303288554","https://openalex.org/W2583418925","https://openalex.org/W3125936868","https://openalex.org/W3033750547","https://openalex.org/W2029216794","https://openalex.org/W1989270073","https://openalex.org/W2980078855","https://openalex.org/W2584407738"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Satisfying":[0],"the":[1,18,30,45,57,91,97,110,126,156],"huge":[2,40,98],"demand":[3],"for":[4,86,125],"high":[5,58,145],"bandwidth":[6,83,146],"in":[7,11,96],"5G":[8,33],"networks":[9,34],"is":[10],"part":[12],"achieved":[13],"by":[14],"vertical":[15],"densification":[16],"of":[17,32,60,94,158,161],"network":[19,46],"infrastructure":[20],"with":[21],"so-called":[22],"small-cell":[23,65,87],"base":[24,66],"stations.":[25,67],"As":[26],"a":[27,39,50,73,79,103,139],"direct":[28],"consequence,":[29],"performance":[31],"intrinsically":[35],"suffers":[36],"from:":[37],"1)":[38],"inter-cell":[41,153],"interference":[42,154],"due":[43],"to":[44,77,107,137],"density":[47],"and":[48,64,129,144,155],"2)":[49],"large":[51],"energy":[52,81,142],"waste":[53],"that":[54],"results":[55],"from":[56],"redundancy":[59],"lightly":[61],"loaded,":[62],"always-on,":[63],"In":[68],"this":[69],"paper,":[70],"we":[71,101],"use":[72],"game":[74],"theoretic":[75],"approach":[76,106],"design":[78],"distributed":[80],"efficient":[82],"sharing":[84],"mechanism":[85],"networks.":[88],"To":[89],"circumvent":[90],"combinatorial":[92],"nature":[93],"searching":[95],"strategy":[99],"space,":[100],"invoke":[102],"reinforcement":[104],"learning":[105,122],"intelligently":[108],"guide":[109],"search":[111],"toward":[112],"good":[113,123],"solutions.":[114],"More":[115],"precisely,":[116],"our":[117],"solution":[118],"relies":[119],"on":[120],"dynamically":[121],"strategies":[124],"user-equipment":[127],"association":[128],"orthogonal":[130],"frequency":[131],"division":[132],"multiple":[133],"access":[134],"(OFDMA)":[135],"scheduling":[136],"strike":[138],"balance":[140],"between":[141],"efficiency":[143],"utilization.":[147],"Our":[148],"model":[149],"takes":[150],"into":[151],"account":[152],"diversity":[157],"user":[159],"quality":[160],"service":[162],"requirements.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}