{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399518847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2024.3397910","title":"Intelligent Surfaces Empowered Wireless Network: Recent Advances and the Road to 6G","display_name":"Intelligent Surfaces Empowered Wireless Network: Recent Advances and the Road to 6G","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399518847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2024.3397910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2024.3397910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2024.3397910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048817096","display_name":"Qingqing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-3266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingqing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076085397","display_name":"Beixiong Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2374-9263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beixiong Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010397043","display_name":"Changsheng You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3245-9361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changsheng You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016962592","display_name":"Lipeng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7587-8876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lipeng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022905256","display_name":"Kaiming Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0680-7975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiming Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007320479","display_name":"Xiaodan Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3249-8045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodan Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Digital Communications (IDC), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany","Institute for Digital Communications (IDC), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen–Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital Communications (IDC), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital Communications (IDC), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen–Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013751269","display_name":"Weidong Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8113-4283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weidong Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025572015","display_name":"Boya Di","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-1361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boya Di","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","School of Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440579","display_name":"Hongliang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-8612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongliang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","School of Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051978835","display_name":"Ertu\u011frul Ba\u015far","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-2392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ertugrul Basar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Communications Research and Innovation Laboratory (CoreLab), Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Communications Research and Innovation Laboratory (CoreLab), Ko\u00e7 University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Communications Research and Innovation Laboratory (CoreLab), Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Communications Research and Innovation Laboratory (CoreLab), Ko\u00e7 University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102012574","display_name":"Lingyang Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8644-8241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingyang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","School of Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081612175","display_name":"Marco Di Renzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0772-8793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097418","display_name":"Laboratoire des signaux et syst\u00e8mes","ror":"https://ror.org/00skw9v43","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210097418","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107720","display_name":"CentraleSup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/019tcpt25","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Di Renzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","CNRS, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Syst\u00e8mes, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097418","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Syst\u00e8mes, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101766226","display_name":"Zhi\u2010Quan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3995-914X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Quan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422102","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8729-8393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":14,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048817096"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.7125,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":137,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99872592,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"112","issue":"7","first_page":"724","last_page":"763"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5966110229492188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.5543564558029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.46275967359542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4267333149909973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.366828054189682}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5966110229492188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.5543564558029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.46275967359542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4267333149909973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.366828054189682}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2024.3397910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2024.3397910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05016140v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05016140","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922466","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE, 2024, 112 (7), pp.724-763. ⟨10.1109/JPROC.2024.3397910⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1207354620","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023ZYGXZR106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2577364702","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2892718883","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB2905000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3689351376","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4036779141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62322101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4420131350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4770929322","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62227809","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6215343781","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6733472759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J00120230006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331102","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7109849542","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A1515011753","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7547104240","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62331022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7825779496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"120E401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","funder_display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9kkr77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331102","display_name":"Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data","ror":"https://ror.org/00z1gwf89"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":293,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977706751","https://openalex.org/W1994232933","https://openalex.org/W2015408750","https://openalex.org/W2027652501","https://openalex.org/W2082432933","https://openalex.org/W2107080958","https://openalex.org/W2149219849","https://openalex.org/W2617211273","https://openalex.org/W2735938380","https://openalex.org/W2744485539","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2891191577","https://openalex.org/W2891354184","https://openalex.org/W2896507689","https://openalex.org/W2901348109","https://openalex.org/W2948573205","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2950302183","https://openalex.org/W2953984813","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2963238659","https://openalex.org/W2963504849","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969072158","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2971912794","https://openalex.org/W2983550364","https://openalex.org/W2984937369","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2991743273","https://openalex.org/W2995330189","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W2999489722","https://openalex.org/W3000577820","https://openalex.org/W3002384078","https://openalex.org/W3004201425","https://openalex.org/W3005347223","https://openalex.org/W3008356568","https://openalex.org/W3009902505","https://openalex.org/W3010176898","https://openalex.org/W3013719647","https://openalex.org/W3014914371","https://openalex.org/W3021587675","https://openalex.org/W3023203298","https://openalex.org/W3024566913","https://openalex.org/W3027118737","https://openalex.org/W3033291036","https://openalex.org/W3036886449","https://openalex.org/W3038533179","https://openalex.org/W3040433108","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3043119790","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3045387830","https://openalex.org/W3081766336","https://openalex.org/W3082159919","https://openalex.org/W3087327441","https://openalex.org/W3088768990","https://openalex.org/W3089006580","https://openalex.org/W3092363222","https://openalex.org/W3092446067","https://openalex.org/W3093874970","https://openalex.org/W3094186382","https://openalex.org/W3094428664","https://openalex.org/W3096401097","https://openalex.org/W3096723356","https://openalex.org/W3104071687","https://openalex.org/W3113137637","https://openalex.org/W3113261730","https://openalex.org/W3120094264","https://openalex.org/W3121523871","https://openalex.org/W3121978485","https://openalex.org/W3124942018","https://openalex.org/W3126686235","https://openalex.org/W3126934368","https://openalex.org/W3127940641","https://openalex.org/W3128224604","https://openalex.org/W3129192461","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3132919426","https://openalex.org/W3135998278","https://openalex.org/W3136444669","https://openalex.org/W3137453233","https://openalex.org/W3137570378","https://openalex.org/W3138384399","https://openalex.org/W3143117471","https://openalex.org/W3143345281","https://openalex.org/W3146208107","https://openalex.org/W3154846188","https://openalex.org/W3158356126","https://openalex.org/W3159340208","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W3160513242","https://openalex.org/W3160822982","https://openalex.org/W3162644779","https://openalex.org/W3163967602","https://openalex.org/W3164420480","https://openalex.org/W3164550829","https://openalex.org/W3164853202","https://openalex.org/W3165173280","https://openalex.org/W3167213286","https://openalex.org/W3167450743","https://openalex.org/W3167883061","https://openalex.org/W3171884577","https://openalex.org/W3172065601","https://openalex.org/W3178081691","https://openalex.org/W3178791547","https://openalex.org/W3182319815","https://openalex.org/W3184294468","https://openalex.org/W3185268715","https://openalex.org/W3185397499","https://openalex.org/W3185977075","https://openalex.org/W3188044077","https://openalex.org/W3193181629","https://openalex.org/W3193709902","https://openalex.org/W3194842319","https://openalex.org/W3194854077","https://openalex.org/W3197026645","https://openalex.org/W3197488186","https://openalex.org/W3198753883","https://openalex.org/W3198789116","https://openalex.org/W3199369452","https://openalex.org/W3199724400","https://openalex.org/W3199802483","https://openalex.org/W3200509761","https://openalex.org/W3202943682","https://openalex.org/W3203630573","https://openalex.org/W3203675995","https://openalex.org/W3204184545","https://openalex.org/W3205135478","https://openalex.org/W3205928438","https://openalex.org/W3206151009","https://openalex.org/W3208229673","https://openalex.org/W3209733209","https://openalex.org/W3211897542","https://openalex.org/W3212620775","https://openalex.org/W3213706254","https://openalex.org/W3215679321","https://openalex.org/W3217804057","https://openalex.org/W4200632050","https://openalex.org/W4205204500","https://openalex.org/W4205674317","https://openalex.org/W4207046773","https://openalex.org/W4210739474","https://openalex.org/W4213157525","https://openalex.org/W4214587758","https://openalex.org/W4214867678","https://openalex.org/W4214898014","https://openalex.org/W4220842170","https://openalex.org/W4221142127","https://openalex.org/W4221152030","https://openalex.org/W4221165631","https://openalex.org/W4225737845","https://openalex.org/W4225873344","https://openalex.org/W4226054479","https://openalex.org/W4226061238","https://openalex.org/W4226065768","https://openalex.org/W4226074164","https://openalex.org/W4226093226","https://openalex.org/W4226165103","https://openalex.org/W4226210037","https://openalex.org/W4226370247","https://openalex.org/W4281729538","https://openalex.org/W4281942098","https://openalex.org/W4282978725","https://openalex.org/W4283204432","https://openalex.org/W4283834347","https://openalex.org/W4285118548","https://openalex.org/W4285163852","https://openalex.org/W4285172132","https://openalex.org/W4285173360","https://openalex.org/W4285192270","https://openalex.org/W4285194622","https://openalex.org/W4285270480","https://openalex.org/W4285276822","https://openalex.org/W4286569356","https://openalex.org/W4288391424","https://openalex.org/W4289656503","https://openalex.org/W4292970212","https://openalex.org/W4293195406","https://openalex.org/W4293704580","https://openalex.org/W4294310972","https://openalex.org/W4295934620","https://openalex.org/W4296425705","https://openalex.org/W4296437982","https://openalex.org/W4296708208","https://openalex.org/W4306178307","https://openalex.org/W4311414687","https://openalex.org/W4312319218","https://openalex.org/W4312330321","https://openalex.org/W4312417713","https://openalex.org/W4312539316","https://openalex.org/W4312635970","https://openalex.org/W4312639322","https://openalex.org/W4312688996","https://openalex.org/W4312830106","https://openalex.org/W4312847278","https://openalex.org/W4312982454","https://openalex.org/W4312984309","https://openalex.org/W4313001863","https://openalex.org/W4313069424","https://openalex.org/W4315777469","https://openalex.org/W4316876960","https://openalex.org/W4319459197","https://openalex.org/W4320000069","https://openalex.org/W4320029384","https://openalex.org/W4322576964","https://openalex.org/W4323022492","https://openalex.org/W4323346131","https://openalex.org/W4323520945","https://openalex.org/W4323644342","https://openalex.org/W4361802445","https://openalex.org/W4365128723","https://openalex.org/W4366377774","https://openalex.org/W4367663350","https://openalex.org/W4376456481","https://openalex.org/W4377000476","https://openalex.org/W4377235263","https://openalex.org/W4377235359","https://openalex.org/W4377715484","https://openalex.org/W4379116905","https://openalex.org/W4379382521","https://openalex.org/W4379622915","https://openalex.org/W4380451020","https://openalex.org/W4380520380","https://openalex.org/W4381198807","https://openalex.org/W4381735535","https://openalex.org/W4381735894","https://openalex.org/W4381785778","https://openalex.org/W4382119239","https://openalex.org/W4382998721","https://openalex.org/W4383199058","https://openalex.org/W4383753364","https://openalex.org/W4383903516","https://openalex.org/W4384916842","https://openalex.org/W4385061575","https://openalex.org/W4385196530","https://openalex.org/W4385245075","https://openalex.org/W4385634273","https://openalex.org/W4385756464","https://openalex.org/W4385804969","https://openalex.org/W4385945562","https://openalex.org/W4386113313","https://openalex.org/W4386231167","https://openalex.org/W4386275738","https://openalex.org/W4386453663","https://openalex.org/W4387129500","https://openalex.org/W4387196957","https://openalex.org/W4387449248","https://openalex.org/W4387623863","https://openalex.org/W4388405569","https://openalex.org/W4388624602","https://openalex.org/W4388624612","https://openalex.org/W4388853858","https://openalex.org/W4388873095","https://openalex.org/W4388901678","https://openalex.org/W4388936858","https://openalex.org/W4389258128","https://openalex.org/W4390204473","https://openalex.org/W4390659017","https://openalex.org/W4391164304","https://openalex.org/W4391547747","https://openalex.org/W4391696901","https://openalex.org/W4391892607","https://openalex.org/W4392015065","https://openalex.org/W4392152584","https://openalex.org/W4392152695","https://openalex.org/W4392826892","https://openalex.org/W4392902685","https://openalex.org/W4393028196","https://openalex.org/W4394828428","https://openalex.org/W4394897053","https://openalex.org/W4396505702","https://openalex.org/W4398787788","https://openalex.org/W4399118807","https://openalex.org/W4399728369","https://openalex.org/W4400526165","https://openalex.org/W6777514010","https://openalex.org/W6848739965","https://openalex.org/W6851048631","https://openalex.org/W6851216245","https://openalex.org/W6852629313","https://openalex.org/W6854298118","https://openalex.org/W6855220121","https://openalex.org/W6855594674","https://openalex.org/W6857322229","https://openalex.org/W6857346909","https://openalex.org/W6857394249","https://openalex.org/W6857642939","https://openalex.org/W6857715969","https://openalex.org/W6858980256","https://openalex.org/W6860084128","https://openalex.org/W7008926465"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2908230797"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"surfaces":[1],"(ISs)":[2],"have":[3,80],"emerged":[4],"as":[5,63,65,135],"a":[6,11,95,104,139],"key":[7],"technology":[8],"to":[9,21,56,147,193],"empower":[10],"wide":[12],"range":[13],"of":[14,29,33,43,94,113,128,141,154],"appealing":[15],"applications":[16,90],"for":[17],"wireless":[18,36,115,132,174],"networks,":[19],"due":[20],"their":[22,50,88,161],"low":[23],"cost,":[24],"high":[25],"energy":[26],"efficiency,":[27],"flexibility":[28],"deployment,":[30,171],"and":[31,61,78,87,111,160,176,179,184],"capability":[32],"constructing":[34],"favorable":[35],"channels/radio":[37],"environments.":[38],"Moreover,":[39],"the":[40,69,108,124,142,150,155],"recent":[41,82,109,143,182],"advent":[42],"several":[44],"new":[45,185],"IS":[46,159,189],"architectures":[47,190],"further":[48],"expanded":[49],"electromagnetic":[51],"functionalities":[52],"from":[53],"passive":[54],"reflection":[55,169],"active":[57],"amplification,":[58],"simultaneous":[59],"reflection,":[60],"refraction,":[62],"well":[64],"holographic":[66],"beamforming.":[67],"However,":[68],"research":[70],"on":[71,107,123],"ISs":[72,86,129],"is":[73],"still":[74],"in":[75,85,99,130,166,187],"rapid":[76],"progress":[77,183],"there":[79],"been":[81],"technological":[83],"advances":[84,112],"emerging":[89],"that":[91],"are":[92,164,191],"worthy":[93],"timely":[96],"review.":[97],"Thus,":[98],"this":[100],"article,":[101],"we":[102,118],"provide":[103],"comprehensive":[105],"survey":[106],"development":[110],"ISs-aided":[114],"networks.":[116],"Specifically,":[117],"start":[119],"with":[120],"an":[121],"overview":[122],"anticipated":[125],"use":[126],"cases":[127],"future":[131,195],"networks":[133],"such":[134],"6G,":[136],"followed":[137],"by":[138],"summary":[140],"standardization":[144],"activities":[145],"related":[146],"ISs.":[148],"Then,":[149],"main":[151],"design":[152],"issues":[153],"commonly":[156],"adopted":[157],"reflection-based":[158],"state-of-the-art":[162],"solutions":[163],"presented":[165],"detail,":[167],"including":[168],"optimization,":[170],"signal":[172],"modulation,":[173],"sensing,":[175],"integrated":[177],"sensing":[178],"communications.":[180],"Finally,":[181],"challenges":[186],"advanced":[188],"discussed":[192],"inspire":[194],"research.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":93},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}