{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2121290756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2010.2066530","title":"Device and Architecture Outlook for Beyond CMOS Switches","display_name":"Device and Architecture Outlook for Beyond CMOS Switches","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2121290756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2010.2066530","mag":"2121290756"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2010.2066530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2010.2066530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110320548","display_name":"Kerry Bernstein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kerry Bernstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040926220","display_name":"Ralph K. Cavin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-5660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129775632","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129775632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralph K. Cavin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Semiconductor Research Corporation, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semiconductor Research Corporation, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129775632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060524108","display_name":"Wolfgang Porod","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9854-6540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Porod","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053232492","display_name":"Alan Seabaugh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6907-4129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Seabaugh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050151183","display_name":"Jeff Welser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129775632","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129775632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Welser","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA","Semiconductor Research Corporation, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semiconductor Research Corporation, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129775632"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.0666,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":312,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9941433,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"98","issue":"12","first_page":"2169","last_page":"2184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7200721502304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.6111129522323608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5704694390296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.5536264181137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34319382905960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1642264425754547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.11412525177001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09069645404815674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7200721502304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.6111129522323608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5704694390296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.5536264181137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34319382905960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1642264425754547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.11412525177001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09069645404815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2010.2066530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2010.2066530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47925306","https://openalex.org/W1509428334","https://openalex.org/W1530144434","https://openalex.org/W1555624222","https://openalex.org/W1964439056","https://openalex.org/W1967884570","https://openalex.org/W1970296212","https://openalex.org/W1973042500","https://openalex.org/W1976915281","https://openalex.org/W1976924286","https://openalex.org/W1981756183","https://openalex.org/W1987009489","https://openalex.org/W1988584938","https://openalex.org/W1994143452","https://openalex.org/W2014935324","https://openalex.org/W2022891092","https://openalex.org/W2023212843","https://openalex.org/W2025516544","https://openalex.org/W2029429293","https://openalex.org/W2040579068","https://openalex.org/W2041696135","https://openalex.org/W2047213806","https://openalex.org/W2048151518","https://openalex.org/W2049332034","https://openalex.org/W2051630050","https://openalex.org/W2054485232","https://openalex.org/W2096704803","https://openalex.org/W2100929284","https://openalex.org/W2103179372","https://openalex.org/W2106314093","https://openalex.org/W2111138403","https://openalex.org/W2122929259","https://openalex.org/W2128361738","https://openalex.org/W2131161476","https://openalex.org/W2132148829","https://openalex.org/W2132729131","https://openalex.org/W2136317500","https://openalex.org/W2144850369","https://openalex.org/W2149073164","https://openalex.org/W2153631338","https://openalex.org/W2163139144","https://openalex.org/W2169757251","https://openalex.org/W2171774441","https://openalex.org/W2441527257","https://openalex.org/W2533651815","https://openalex.org/W2575059132","https://openalex.org/W2625493900","https://openalex.org/W3098932247","https://openalex.org/W3100920036","https://openalex.org/W3103573278","https://openalex.org/W3203992401","https://openalex.org/W4210347243","https://openalex.org/W4237751615","https://openalex.org/W4251408769","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3014521742","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2155019192","https://openalex.org/W2014709025","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2617868873","https://openalex.org/W3204141294","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2109445684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sooner":[0],"or":[1,49,69],"later,":[2],"fundamental":[3],"limitations":[4],"destine":[5],"complementary":[6],"metal-oxide-semiconductor":[7],"(CMOS)":[8],"scaling":[9,109],"to":[10,94,108,115],"a":[11],"conclusion.":[12],"A":[13],"number":[14],"of":[15,24,58,66,102],"unique":[16,74],"switches":[17,61],"have":[18],"been":[19],"proposed":[20],"as":[21,32],"replacements,":[22],"many":[23],"which":[25],"do":[26],"not":[27],"even":[28,50],"use":[29],"electron":[30],"charge":[31],"the":[33,43,64,96],"state":[34],"variable.":[35],"Instead,":[36],"these":[37,59,78],"nanoscale":[38],"structures":[39],"pass":[40],"tokens":[41,88],"in":[42,84,110],"spin,":[44],"excitonic,":[45],"photonic,":[46],"magnetic,":[47],"quantum,":[48],"heat":[51],"domains.":[52],"Emergent":[53],"physical":[54],"behaviors":[55],"and":[56,122],"idiosyncrasies":[57],"novel":[60],"can":[62],"complement":[63],"execution":[65],"specific":[67],"algorithms":[68],"workloads":[70],"by":[71,119],"enabling":[72],"quite":[73],"architectures.":[75],"Ultimately,":[76],"exploiting":[77],"unusual":[79],"responses":[80],"will":[81],"extend":[82],"throughput":[83],"high-performance":[85],"computing.":[86,104],"Alternative":[87],"also":[89],"require":[90],"new":[91],"transport":[92],"mechanisms":[93],"replace":[95],"conventional":[97],"chip":[98],"wire":[99],"interconnect":[100],"schemes":[101],"charge-based":[103],"New":[105],"intrinsic":[106],"limits":[107],"post-CMOS":[111],"technologies":[112],"are":[113],"likely":[114],"be":[116],"bounded":[117],"ultimately":[118],"thermodynamic":[120],"entropy":[121],"Shannon":[123],"noise.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":22}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}