{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140088955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3676917","title":"Runtime Feature Compression for Adaptive Keyword Spotting on Embedded Systems","display_name":"Runtime Feature Compression for Adaptive Keyword Spotting on Embedded Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140088955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3676917"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3676917","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3676917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130403965","display_name":"Valentino Peluso","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentino Peluso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0527-8602","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034581393","display_name":"Andrea Calimera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-3811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Calimera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-3811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005432629","display_name":"Enrico Macii","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-5618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Macii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-5618","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083219829","display_name":"Paolo Montuschi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2563-2250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Montuschi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2563-2250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25238886,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"25286","last_page":"25301"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.09690000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.09690000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.0803999975323677,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.07370000332593918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-spotting","display_name":"Keyword spotting","score":0.7522000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.5626000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5324000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compression","display_name":"Compression (physics)","score":0.5055999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34049999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8727999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781213101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398558","display_name":"Keyword spotting","level":2,"score":0.7522000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.5626000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5324000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5055999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4458000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779506182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7580141","display_name":"Spotting","level":2,"score":0.33980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778192920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16874989","display_name":"Signal compression","level":4,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118021083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610398","display_name":"System on a chip","level":2,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3676917","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3676917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2884751099","https://openalex.org/W2888842187","https://openalex.org/W2900075744","https://openalex.org/W2904036992","https://openalex.org/W2920535273","https://openalex.org/W2936774411","https://openalex.org/W2962677625","https://openalex.org/W2963393494","https://openalex.org/W2963628261","https://openalex.org/W2973226577","https://openalex.org/W3004633656","https://openalex.org/W3015118013","https://openalex.org/W3044837284","https://openalex.org/W3077435359","https://openalex.org/W3092581393","https://openalex.org/W3095012737","https://openalex.org/W3097018422","https://openalex.org/W3160758066","https://openalex.org/W3175549063","https://openalex.org/W3194281450","https://openalex.org/W3196496149","https://openalex.org/W3198035615","https://openalex.org/W3205253448","https://openalex.org/W3211576792","https://openalex.org/W3215554746","https://openalex.org/W4206567542","https://openalex.org/W4224916413","https://openalex.org/W4226253207","https://openalex.org/W4312243755","https://openalex.org/W4320712861","https://openalex.org/W4377001532","https://openalex.org/W4379116579","https://openalex.org/W4384158189","https://openalex.org/W4385585286","https://openalex.org/W4386859322","https://openalex.org/W4392450191","https://openalex.org/W4394692327","https://openalex.org/W4402112498","https://openalex.org/W4404102982","https://openalex.org/W4404307220","https://openalex.org/W4405812160","https://openalex.org/W4406014435","https://openalex.org/W4413318953"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Voice":[0],"user":[1],"interfaces":[2],"rely":[3],"on":[4,185],"keyword":[5],"spotting":[6],"(KWS)":[7],"to":[8,15,19,41,51,86,126,140,163,211,220,260,274],"detect":[9],"wake-word":[10],"commands,":[11],"enabling":[12],"low-power":[13],"devices":[14],"switch":[16],"from":[17],"drowsy":[18],"active":[20],"states":[21],"and":[22,80,178,272],"initiate":[23],"more":[24],"complex":[25],"tasks.":[26],"In":[27],"embedded":[28],"systems,":[29],"KWS":[30,50,111,187],"combines":[31],"handcrafted":[32],"acoustic":[33],"features":[34],"extraction":[35],"with":[36,263],"lightweight":[37],"neural":[38,70],"network":[39],"classifiers":[40],"achieve":[42],"accurate":[43],"detection":[44],"within":[45,224],"strict":[46],"resource":[47],"constraints.":[48],"Adapting":[49],"time-varying":[52],"energy":[53,82],"budgets":[54],"requires":[55],"optimization":[56],"strategies":[57],"that":[58,74,104,159,195],"operate":[59,141],"at":[60],"runtime.":[61],"Most":[62],"existing":[63],"approaches":[64],"adjust":[65,127],"the":[66,69,106,109,117,128,161,190,245,251],"complexity":[67],"of":[68,78,108,116,130,205,240,247,253],"model":[71,93,139,162,192,198,276],"but":[72],"overlook":[73],"a":[75,100,122,137,155,202,264],"substantial":[76],"amount":[77],"latency,":[79],"thus":[81],"consumption,":[83],"is":[84],"due":[85],"feature":[87,182],"extraction,":[88],"which":[89,171],"remains":[90],"unaffected":[91],"by":[92,249],"scaling.":[94],"This":[95],"work":[96],"introducesRuntime":[97],"Feature":[98],"Compression(RFC),":[99],"dynamic":[101],"rescaling":[102],"strategy":[103],"modulates":[105],"workload":[107],"entire":[110],"pipeline.":[112],"RFC":[113,196,208,230,248],"promotes":[114],"thehop-lengthparameter":[115],"Short-Time":[118],"Fourier":[119],"Transform":[120],"as":[121],"runtime":[123],"control":[124],"knob":[125],"number":[129],"time":[131],"frames":[132],"in":[133,233],"speech":[134,236],"features,":[135],"allowing":[136],"single":[138],"across":[142,269],"multiple":[143],"latency":[144,214,226],"modes.":[145],"To":[146],"support":[147],"this":[148],"flexibility,":[149],"we":[150],"introduce":[151],"two":[152],"training-time":[153],"techniques:HopAugment,":[154],"data":[156],"augmentation":[157],"scheme":[158],"exposes":[160],"variable":[164],"hop":[165],"lengths":[166],"during":[167,176],"training,":[168],"andMasked":[169],"Layers,":[170],"preserve":[172,261],"consistent":[173],"activation":[174],"statistics":[175],"training":[177,255],"inference":[179],"under":[180],"compressed":[181],"settings.":[183],"Evaluations":[184],"four":[186],"datasets":[188],"using":[189],"TC-ResNet":[191],"family":[193],"show":[194],"outperforms":[197],"scaling":[199],"techniques,":[200],"offering":[201],"wider":[203],"range":[204],"latency-accuracy":[206],"trade-offs.":[207],"achieves":[209],"up":[210,219],"31.8%":[212],"lower":[213],"without":[215],"accuracy":[216,223,262],"degradation,":[217],"or":[218],"0.30%":[221],"higher":[222],"equivalent":[225],"bounds.":[227],"That":[228],"proves":[229],"improves":[231],"adaptability":[232],"energy-constrained":[234],"IoT":[235],"interfaces.":[237],"A":[238],"set":[239],"ablation":[241],"studies":[242],"further":[243],"demonstrates":[244],"robustness":[246],"evaluating":[250],"role":[252],"its":[254],"components,":[256],"batching":[257],"strategies,":[258],"ability":[259],"shared":[265],"weight":[266],"set,":[267],"scalability":[268],"operating":[270],"modes,":[271],"applicability":[273],"different":[275],"architectures.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2026-03-24T00:00:00"}
