{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413155522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3598014","title":"A Bio-Nano Systems Interconnection Hierarchical Network Model for Targeted Drug Delivery","display_name":"A Bio-Nano Systems Interconnection Hierarchical Network Model for Targeted Drug Delivery","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413155522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3598014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3598014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3598014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023624241","display_name":"Yue Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3789-4453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3789-4453","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024696155","display_name":"Haowen Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9807-7185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haowen Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100405124","display_name":"Yifan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-623X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-623X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4905,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65108436,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.9718000292778015,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.9718000292778015,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14089","display_name":"Nanotechnology research and applications","score":0.902899980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6635820865631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.6185810565948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-delivery","display_name":"Drug delivery","score":0.5014841556549072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3759322166442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3267472982406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.3241225779056549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.1707460880279541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6635820865631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.6185810565948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779820397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806","display_name":"Drug delivery","level":2,"score":0.5014841556549072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3759322166442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3267472982406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3241225779056549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1707460880279541}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3598014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3598014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6085772491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301088","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7678210446","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484609840","https://openalex.org/W1965762557","https://openalex.org/W1993138929","https://openalex.org/W2013470095","https://openalex.org/W2043525995","https://openalex.org/W2091402748","https://openalex.org/W2098550711","https://openalex.org/W2131719921","https://openalex.org/W2169061810","https://openalex.org/W2245394571","https://openalex.org/W2322188346","https://openalex.org/W2333907923","https://openalex.org/W2344644350","https://openalex.org/W2585631586","https://openalex.org/W2599746167","https://openalex.org/W2614985500","https://openalex.org/W2741312435","https://openalex.org/W2755675097","https://openalex.org/W2767699530","https://openalex.org/W2767780867","https://openalex.org/W2896861622","https://openalex.org/W2899677471","https://openalex.org/W2907635071","https://openalex.org/W2955542935","https://openalex.org/W2969375616","https://openalex.org/W3020945783","https://openalex.org/W3048248372","https://openalex.org/W3092581914","https://openalex.org/W3123151007","https://openalex.org/W3127575390","https://openalex.org/W3131769770","https://openalex.org/W3136713081","https://openalex.org/W3143156272","https://openalex.org/W3175628958","https://openalex.org/W3181290507","https://openalex.org/W3182553486","https://openalex.org/W3185697517","https://openalex.org/W3189740135","https://openalex.org/W3190020264","https://openalex.org/W3199474495","https://openalex.org/W4214831766","https://openalex.org/W4220927693","https://openalex.org/W4225332506","https://openalex.org/W4313338986","https://openalex.org/W4401565686","https://openalex.org/W4403171415","https://openalex.org/W4403510672","https://openalex.org/W4405490920"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014709025","https://openalex.org/W2155019192","https://openalex.org/W3125341812","https://openalex.org/W1991674760","https://openalex.org/W1668171714","https://openalex.org/W2155297398","https://openalex.org/W4380607112","https://openalex.org/W2218294330","https://openalex.org/W1997278405","https://openalex.org/W2088595294"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Molecular":[0],"communication":[1,166],"(MC),":[2],"an":[3,53],"innovative":[4],"paradigm":[5],"leveraging":[6],"molecules":[7,40,80],"as":[8,46,186],"information":[9,50],"carriers,":[10],"is":[11,44,67],"gaining":[12],"traction":[13],"in":[14,19,41,81,95,190,198],"the":[15,20,23,36,47,63,72,86,124,139,144,157,169,173,178,187,191,210,219,227,235,246,255],"biomedical":[16],"field,":[17],"particularly":[18],"context":[21],"of":[22,25,38,49,78,88,175,237,250],"Internet":[24],"Bio-Nano":[26],"Things":[27],"(IoBNT)":[28],"for":[29,214,257],"targeted":[30],"drug":[31,39,79,89,151,207],"delivery":[32],"(TDD)":[33],"systems.":[34],"Specifically,":[35],"transportation":[37],"blood":[42,192],"vessels":[43],"described":[45],"propagation":[48,174],"molecules,":[51],"offering":[52],"MC":[54],"perspective":[55],"to":[56,102,118,153,217],"designing":[57],"and":[58,75,85,127,146,149,177,184,248,253,261],"optimizing":[59],"TDD":[60,66,105,132,251],"processes.":[61],"However,":[62],"existing":[64],"MC-inspired":[65],"predominantly":[68],"physical-layer-centric,":[69],"grappling":[70],"with":[71],"pharmacokinetics":[73],"(PK)":[74],"pharmacodynamics":[76],"(PD)":[77],"complex":[82],"vessel":[83,193],"networks":[84],"diversity":[87],"carrier":[90],"designs.":[91],"These":[92],"complexities":[93],"result":[94],"high-computational":[96],"demands,":[97],"posing":[98],"a":[99,110,129,202],"significant":[100],"challenge":[101],"implementing":[103],"personalized":[104],"strategies.":[106],"This":[107,160,243],"article":[108],"introduces":[109],"three-layer":[111],"bio-nano":[112],"systems":[113,252],"interconnection":[114],"(BNSI)":[115],"hierarchical":[116],"model":[117,135,200,229],"address":[119],"these":[120],"challenges":[121],"by":[122],"reducing":[123],"computational":[125,231],"load":[126],"enabling":[128],"more":[130],"precise":[131],"strategy.":[133],"Our":[134],"extracts":[136],"parameters":[137],"from":[138,164],"physical":[140,170],"layer,":[141],"which":[142],"handles":[143],"PK":[145],"PD":[147],"processes,":[148],"maps":[150],"dynamics":[152],"data":[154],"transmission":[155],"at":[156,209],"network":[158,179],"layer.":[159],"approach":[161],"draws":[162],"inspiration":[163],"traditional":[165],"systems,":[167],"where":[168],"layer":[171,180,197],"manages":[172],"signals,":[176],"oversees":[181],"packet":[182],"routing":[183],"topology":[185],"path":[188],"planning":[189],"network.":[194],"The":[195],"application":[196],"our":[199],"incorporates":[201],"feedback":[203],"mechanism":[204],"based":[205],"on":[206],"concentration":[208],"diseased":[211],"site,":[212],"allowing":[213],"flexible":[215],"adjustments":[216],"achieve":[218],"desired":[220],"therapeutic":[221],"outcomes.":[222],"Simulation":[223],"results":[224],"demonstrate":[225],"that":[226],"BNSI":[228],"enhances":[230],"efficiency":[232],"without":[233],"compromising":[234],"accuracy":[236],"TDD,":[238],"thus":[239],"demonstrating":[240],"its":[241],"feasibility.":[242],"work":[244],"improves":[245],"scalability":[247],"flexibility":[249],"lays":[254],"groundwork":[256],"future":[258],"TDD\u2019s":[259],"optimization":[260],"digital":[262],"transformation.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}